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Disfunción de los oligodendrocitos en la esquizofrenia y el trastorno bipolar.

Dmitri Tkachev1, Michael L Mimmack, Margaret M Ryan

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.

Lancet (London, England)
|September 19, 2003
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Los cerebros de esquizofrenia y trastorno bipolar muestran una expresión reducida de los genes de oligodendrocitos y mielina. Estos hallazgos sugieren que las vías compartidas contribuyen a ambas condiciones.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
  • Genética La genética.
  • La psiquiatría es la psiquiatría.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Estudios previos de matrices indicaron una expresión anormal de los genes relacionados con los lípidos y la mielina en la esquizofrenia.
  • La función de los oligodendrocitos y la mielinización son cruciales para la salud del cerebro y se han implicado en trastornos psiquiátricos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la expresión génica específica de oligodendrocitos y asociada a la mielinización en la esquizofrenia y el trastorno afectivo bipolar.
  • Para comparar los patrones de expresión génica entre la esquizofrenia, el trastorno bipolar y los cerebros de control.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizaron muestras cerebrales de la colección de cerebros Stanley (15 esquizofrenia, 15 trastorno bipolar, 15 controles).
  • Empleó PCR de visualización diferencial basada en la indexación para la detección inicial de diferencias en la expresión génica.
  • Se validaron los hallazgos y se evaluaron 16 genes adicionales de oligodendrocitos y mielina utilizando PCR cuantitativa y análisis de microarrays.

Principales resultados:

  • Demostró una reducción significativa en los genes clave relacionados con los oligodendrocitos y la mielina en pacientes con esquizofrenia y trastorno bipolar en comparación con los controles.
  • Se observó un alto grado de superposición en los cambios de expresión entre la esquizofrenia y el trastorno bipolar.
  • Los análisis cuantitativos de PCR y microarrays mostraron una buena correlación para los genes investigados.

Conclusiones:

  • Los cerebros con esquizofrenia y trastorno bipolar muestran una regulación a la baja de los genes críticos de oligodendrocitos y mielinización, incluidos los factores de transcripción reguladores.
  • Estos hallazgos apoyan y amplían las observaciones anteriores basadas en microarrays.
  • Los cambios en la expresión genética compartida en los cerebros con trastorno bipolar sugieren vías fisiopatológicas comunes con la esquizofrenia.