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Estimaciones de la mortalidad mundial atribuible al tabaquismo en el año 2000
1Department of Population and International Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. mezzati@hsph.harvard.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|September 19, 2003
Resumen
El tabaquismo causó casi 5 millones de muertes prematuras en todo el mundo en el año 2000, con las naciones en desarrollo enfrentando una carga significativa. Se necesitan intervenciones urgentes para frenar el tabaquismo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Global La salud global.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Política de salud pública Política de salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- Fumar es un riesgo significativo para la salud mundial, con una prevalencia creciente en los países en desarrollo.
- Comprender la escala de la mortalidad atribuible al tabaquismo es crucial para la planificación de la salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Estimar la mortalidad global y regional atribuida al tabaquismo en el año 2000.
- Para analizar la incertidumbre asociada con estas estimaciones de mortalidad.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó la mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón como un indicador indirecto del riesgo acumulado de fumar.
- Estimación de la mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón de los no fumadores considerando el uso de carbón en el hogar y la ventilación.
- Se aplicaron riesgos relativos de estudios de cohorte establecidos y ajustados por factores de confusión y extrapolación regional.
Principales resultados:
- Se estima que 4.83 millones de muertes prematuras en todo el mundo estuvieron relacionadas con el tabaquismo en 2000.
- La mortalidad se dividió casi por igual entre los países en desarrollo (2,41 millones) y los industrializados (2,43 millones).
- Las enfermedades cardiovasculares, la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y el cáncer de pulmón fueron las principales causas de muertes relacionadas con el tabaquismo.
Conclusiones:
- El tabaquismo fue una de las principales causas de mortalidad mundial en el año 2000.
- Sin intervenciones efectivas, se prevé que la pérdida de salud relacionada con el tabaquismo aumente, especialmente en los países en desarrollo.
- Las políticas específicas son esenciales para reducir el tabaquismo masculino y prevenir el aumento de las tasas entre las mujeres en los países en desarrollo.
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