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Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
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Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune system...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
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Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
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Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jul 23, 2026

Characterization of Immune Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles and Studying Functional Impact on Cell Environment
10:09

Characterization of Immune Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles and Studying Functional Impact on Cell Environment

Published on: June 2, 2020

Enfermedades vesiculobulosas con características inmunológicas prominentes.

E E Boh, L E Millikan

    JAMA
    |November 25, 1992
    PubMed
    Resumen

    Diferenciar las enfermedades de la piel bullosa puede ser un desafío. El diagnóstico a menudo requiere estudios de biopsia de piel e inmunofluorescencia para identificar inmunorreactores específicos involucrados en la patogénesis.

    Área de la Ciencia:

    • Dermatología Dermatología dermatología.
    • Inmunología Inmunología.
    • Patología Patología Patología.

    Sus antecedentes:

    • Las enfermedades de la piel bulosa abarcan un grupo diverso de condiciones.
    • La presentación clínica y la edad de aparición ofrecen pistas diagnósticas iniciales.
    • La diferenciación precisa es crucial para el manejo eficaz de los pacientes.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • Para resaltar los desafíos de diagnóstico en la diferenciación de las enfermedades de la piel bullosa.
    • Para enfatizar el papel de las técnicas especializadas de inmunofluorescencia en el diagnóstico.
    • Para explorar los mecanismos patogenéticos que involucran la zona de la membrana basal dermoepidermal.

    Principales métodos:

    • Evaluación clínica y historia clínica del paciente.

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  • Biopsia de piel para el examen histopatológico.
  • Estudios de inmunofluorescencia directa (DIF) e inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IIF), incluidas las variaciones de piel dividida.

    • Principales resultados:

    • Las características clínicas por sí solas son a menudo insuficientes para un diagnóstico definitivo.
    • Los estudios de inmunofluorescencia son esenciales para identificar inmunorreactores específicos relacionados con enfermedades.
    • Estos estudios ayudan a distinguir entre varios trastornos de ampollas autoinmunes.

    Conclusiones:

    • El diagnóstico preciso de las dermatosis bullosa se basa en una combinación de hallazgos clínicos y de laboratorio.
    • Los estudios de inmunofluorescencia son herramientas indispensables para elucidar los mecanismos de la enfermedad.
    • Investigaciones adicionales sobre los inmunorreactores de la zona de la membrana basal dermoepidermal pueden revelar nuevos objetivos terapéuticos.