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La acumulación episódica de sedimentos en las llanuras de inundación amazónicas influenciadas por El Niño /

Rolf Aalto¹, Laurence Maurice-Bourgoin, Thomas Dunne

¹Quaternary Research Center University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. aalto@geomorphology.com

|October 3, 2003

Resumen

Las inundaciones episódicas, impulsadas por eventos de La Niña, depositan grandes paquetes de sedimentos en las llanuras de inundación de los ríos andino-amazónicos cada ~ 8 años. Estos eventos controlan la formación de llanuras de inundación y la entrega de sedimentos al río Amazonas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias de la Tierra Ciencias de la Tierra Ciencias de la Tierra
Hidrología Hidrología Hidrología.
La sedimentología sedimentológica.

Sus antecedentes:

Los ríos continentales con lechos arenosos almacenan sedimentos significativos en las llanuras de inundación.
Estudios anteriores determinaron la acumulación de la llanura de inundación en escalas decenales, pero carecían de resolución del evento.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar los patrones de acumulación de sedimentos en el bosque andino-amazónico.
Identificar eventos discretos de deposición de sedimentos y escalas de tiempo casi anuales.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de perfiles de actividad de 210Pb de núcleos de sedimentos.
Sitios de estudio en las cuencas de los ríos Beni y Mamore (720.000 km2) dentro de la cuenca del Amazonas.

Principales resultados:

La estratigrafía de sedimentos está dominada por paquetes de sedimentos discretos y de edad uniforme (20-80 cm de espesor).
Los intervalos de recurrencia en todo el sistema para estos eventos de deposición son de aproximadamente 8 años.
Los eventos episódicos están vinculados a las inundaciones extremas asociadas con los eventos de La Niña.

Conclusiones:

Los procesos transitorios impulsados por el ciclo de El Niño / Oscilación del Sur controlan la formación de la llanura de inundación boliviana.
Estos eventos modulan la entrega de sedimentos aguas abajo, carbono, nutrientes y contaminantes al río Amazonas.

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