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La ingestión de agua como profilaxis contra el síncope.

Chih-Cherng Lu1, André Diedrich, Che-Se Tung

  • 1Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn 37232-2195, USA.

Circulation
|November 19, 2003
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Resumen

Beber agua antes de levantarse mejora la tolerancia en adultos sanos al aumentar la resistencia vascular. Este sencillo método puede prevenir los desmayos, especialmente en situaciones como la donación de sangre.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Fisiología Fisiología Fisiología.
  • La función del sistema nervioso autónomo.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La ingestión de agua afecta la presión arterial, particularmente en personas con disfunción autónoma o en adultos mayores.
  • El efecto del consumo profiláctico de agua sobre la tolerancia ortostática en adultos sanos permanece en gran parte sin examinar.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar si el agua potable antes de una prueba de estrés postural mejora la tolerancia ortostática en adultos sanos.

Principales métodos:

  • Veintidós adultos sanos (18-42 años) se sometieron a una prueba de inclinación de la mesa de 60 grados de cabeza hacia arriba.
  • Los participantes fueron asignados al azar para beber 16 onzas de agua 5 minutos antes de la prueba o someterse a la prueba sin agua, con cada condición probada en días separados.
  • La tolerancia ortostática se evaluó por el tiempo hasta el presíncope o la síncope, la frecuencia cardíaca y la resistencia periférica total.

Principales resultados:

  • La ingesta de agua redujo significativamente la incidencia de la presincopia durante la prueba de la mesa de inclinación (1 de 22 frente a 8 de 22 sujetos).
  • Beber agua aumenta la frecuencia cardíaca atenuada y aumenta la resistencia periférica total acentuada durante la inclinación.
  • La tolerancia a la inclinación de la cabeza hacia arriba se extendió en un promedio de 8,5 minutos (aumento del 26%) después del consumo de agua.

Conclusiones:

  • El consumo de agua mejora la tolerancia a la postura vertical en individuos sanos.
  • El mecanismo implica un aumento de la resistencia vascular periférica, contrarrestando el estrés ortostático.
  • El agua puede servir como una simple medida profiláctica contra las reacciones vasovagal, relevante para escenarios como la donación de sangre.