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El silenciamiento de los transposones en la línea germinal de Caenorhabditis elegans por el ARNi natural
Titia Sijen1, Ronald H A Plasterk
1Hubrecht Laboratory, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Nature
|November 25, 2003
Resumen
La interferencia de ARN (RNAi) silencia los elementos transponibles en la línea germinal del nematodo. Este proceso se desencadena por la transcripción de lectura de los elementos Tc1, generando ARN de doble cadena que suprime la expresión génica de la transposasa.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Genética La genética.
- Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
- La epigenética es la epigenética.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los elementos transponibles (ET) como Tc1 pueden moverse dentro de los genomas.
- En *Caenorhabditis elegans*, las transposonas Tc1 están silenciadas en la línea germinal pero activas en las células somáticas.
- La pérdida del silenciamiento de la línea germinal a menudo se correlaciona con una interferencia de ARN alterada (RNAi).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para dilucidar el mecanismo de silenciamiento del transposón mediado por ARN en la línea germinal de nematodos.
- Investigar el papel de la transcripción de lectura y el ARN de doble cadena (dsRNA) en el silenciamiento del Tc1.
Principales métodos:
- Detección de dsRNAs derivados de Tc1, en particular de las repeticiones invertidas terminales.
- Análisis de la transcripción de lectura de los elementos transponibles.
- Evaluación del silenciamiento transgénico en un gen reportero de línea germinal fusionado con secuencias Tc1.
- Análisis genético mediante el uso de genes *mutadores* (mut-7, mut-16, pk732).
Principales resultados:
- La evidencia de los dsRNAs derivados de los transposones, originados en la transcripción de lectura de los elementos Tc1.
- Detección de pequeños ARN interferentes específicos para Tc1.1.
- El silenciamiento de la línea germinal de un gen reportero fusionado con Tc1 dependiente de los genes *mutadores* funcionales.
- Formación de dsRNA a través del "retroceso" de las repeticiones invertidas del terminal Tc1.
Conclusiones:
- La vigilancia de RNAi se inicia por la lectura accidental de la transcripción de las copias dispersas de Tc1.
- La formación de dsRNA, a través de la repetición terminal, desencadena el RNAi.
- Este mecanismo de ARNi silenciará efectivamente la expresión génica de la transposasa, impidiendo la transposición de Tc1 en la línea germinal.
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