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Recursos mundiales de agua dulce: soluciones suaves para el siglo XXI
1Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security, Oakland, CA 94612, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 4, 2003
Resumen
La gestión del agua del siglo XX dependía de una gran infraestructura, pero está surgiendo un cambio a un "camino suave". Este nuevo enfoque equilibra los sistemas tradicionales con soluciones a escala comunitaria, tecnología eficiente y protección ambiental para recursos hídricos sostenibles.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias ambientales Ciencias ambientales.
- Gestión de los recursos hídricos Gestión de los recursos hídricos
- Estudios de políticas Estudios de políticas Estudios de políticas Estudios de políticas Estudios de políticas Estudios de políticas Estudios de políticas
Sus antecedentes:
- Las políticas históricas de agua se centraron en la infraestructura a gran escala como presas y acueductos.
- Estos sistemas centralizados proporcionaron beneficios significativos, pero incurrieron en costos sociales, económicos y ecológicos sustanciales.
- Los desafíos existentes con el agua persisten, lo que indica la inadecuación de los enfoques anteriores.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar las limitaciones de las políticas tradicionales de agua del siglo XX.
- Introducir el concepto y los componentes de una estrategia de gestión del agua de transición de "camino suave".
- Para resaltar la necesidad de un enfoque equilibrado que integre soluciones de agua centralizadas y descentralizadas.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura sobre políticas históricas de agua y desarrollo de infraestructura.
- Análisis de los impactos sociales, económicos y ecológicos de los proyectos de agua a gran escala.
- Desarrollo del marco conceptual para el enfoque del "camino blando".
Principales resultados:
- Una infraestructura hídrica masiva produjo beneficios, pero también consecuencias negativas no deseadas.
- Los problemas actuales del agua requieren un alejamiento de soluciones exclusivamente centralizadas.
- Un "camino suave" ofrece una estrategia complementaria que integra diversas técnicas de gestión del agua.
Conclusiones:
- El "camino suave" integra sistemas a escala comunitaria, toma de decisiones descentralizada, mercados de agua, tecnología eficiente y protección del medio ambiente.
- Esta transición tiene como objetivo abordar los problemas hídricos restantes de manera más sostenible y equitativa.
- Un enfoque híbrido que combine la infraestructura tradicional con elementos de "camino suave" es crucial para la seguridad hídrica futura.
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