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Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

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Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the...
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Viscosity01:17

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When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
The SI unit of viscosity is...
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Viscosity01:27

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Viscosity is a property of fluids that measures their resistance to flow. It is influenced by factors such as the surface area of contact, the gradient of flow speed, and the fluid's viscosity constant, called the coefficient of viscosity. The coefficient of viscosity, also known as dynamic viscosity, is denoted by the symbol η. It determines the proportionality between the viscous force and the gradient of flow speed.Newton's law of viscosity states that the viscous force on a...
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Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

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Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
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Eulerian and Lagrangian Flow Descriptions01:22

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Fluid flow analysis is critical in many scientific and engineering disciplines, and two principal approaches are used to describe this flow: the Eulerian and Lagrangian methods. These methods offer different perspectives on monitoring and analyzing the motion of fluids, each with distinct advantages depending on the scenario.
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Couette flow represents the flow of fluid between two parallel plates, with one plate fixed and the other moving with a constant velocity. This configuration allows for a simplified analysis using the Navier-Stokes equations, which govern fluid motion under conditions of viscosity and incompressibility. For Couette flow, the assumptions include a steady, laminar, incompressible flow with a zero-pressure gradient in the flow direction. This flow type is beneficial for understanding shear-driven...
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Separating Beads and Cells in Multi-channel Microfluidic Devices Using Dielectrophoresis and Laminar Flow
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Clasificación microfluídica en una red óptica.

M P MacDonald1, G C Spalding, K Dholakia

  • 1School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, UK. mpm4@st-and.ac.uk

Nature
|December 4, 2003
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores desarrollaron un nuevo clasificador óptico utilizando una red óptica 3D para clasificar con precisión las partículas microscópicas por tamaño o índice de refracción. Esta técnica no invasiva logra una alta eficiencia y rendimiento para aplicaciones de investigación biológica y coloidal.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Óptica y Fotónica.
  • La microfluidicidad es un componente de la microfluidez.
  • Biotecnología La biotecnología es la biotecnología.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los campos ópticos pueden manipular objetos dieléctricos microscópicos, lo que permite aplicaciones como trampas ópticas.
  • Los métodos existentes para la manipulación y clasificación de partículas tienen limitaciones en eficiencia y rendimiento.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para demostrar un nuevo clasificador óptico para partículas microscópicas.
  • Para utilizar una red óptica 3D reconfigurable dinámicamente para la clasificación de partículas.
  • Para lograr criterios de selección sintonizables basados en las propiedades de las partículas.

Principales métodos:

  • Empleando una red óptica 3D extendida, interconectada y reconfigurable dinámicamente.
  • Explotación de la interacción de las partículas con los sitios de la red, dependiente de la polarizabilidad óptica.
  • Demostrando la clasificación de las microcápsulas de proteínas por tamaño y las partículas coloidales por índice de refracción.

Principales resultados:

  • La eficiencia de clasificación alcanzada se acerca al 100%, con valores observados del 96% o más.
  • Clasificación demostrada de agentes de administración de fármacos en microcápsulas de proteínas por tamaño.
  • Se clasificaron con éxito las partículas coloidales por índice de refracción.
  • Se superaron los rendimientos de clasificación de células activadas por fluorescencia incluso en soluciones concentradas.

Conclusiones:

  • El clasificador óptico desarrollado es una técnica poderosa y no invasiva para la manipulación de partículas.
  • El método es adecuado para la clasificación y fraccionamiento en sistemas microfluídicos.
  • Las aplicaciones abarcan la investigación coloidal, molecular y biológica, ofreciendo alta eficiencia y rendimiento.