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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

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Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
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Purification and microRNA Profiling of Exosomes Derived from Blood and Culture Media

Purification and microRNA Profiling of Exosomes Derived from Blood and Culture Media

Published on: June 14, 2013

Los microARN modulan la diferenciación del linaje hematopoyético.

Chang-Zheng Chen¹, Ling Li, Harvey F Lodish

¹Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|December 6, 2003

Resumen

Los microARN (miARN) regulan la expresión génica. Este estudio encontró que un miRNA específico, miR-181, promueve el desarrollo de células linfoides B en la hematopoyesis de ratones.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.
Genética La genética.

Sus antecedentes:

Los microARN (miRNA) son pequeñas moléculas de ARN reguladoras involucradas en la expresión génica.
Estas moléculas juegan un papel crucial en el desarrollo de varios organismos, incluyendo plantas y animales.
Se sabe que los miARN específicos regulan la expresión génica post-transcripcionalmente al dirigirse a los ARN mensajeros.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar el papel de los microARN en la hematopoyesis de mamíferos.
Para identificar miRNAs específicos expresados en las células hematopoyéticas y su regulación dinámica durante el desarrollo.
Determinar el impacto funcional de los microARN en la diferenciación de las células madre y progenitoras hematopoyéticas.

Principales métodos:

Identificación y caracterización de miRNA en las células hematopoyéticas.
Análisis de los patrones de expresión de miRNA durante la hematopoyesis y el compromiso del linaje.
La expresión ectópica de miRNAs específicos (por ejemplo, miR-181) en las células madre / progenitoras hematopoyéticas.
Evaluación de la diferenciación de las células linfoides B in vitro e in vivo.

Principales resultados:

Se identificaron tres miARN con expresión específica en células hematopoyéticas, reguladas dinámicamente durante la hematopoiesis temprana.
se encontró que miR-181 se expresa preferentemente en las células linfoides B en la médula ósea del ratón.
La expresión ectópica de miR-181 aumentó la fracción de células del linaje B en ensayos de diferenciación y en ratones adultos.

Conclusiones:

Los microARN son componentes integrales del circuito molecular que controla la hematopoiesis en ratones.
miR-181 juega un papel importante en la promoción del desarrollo de las células linfoides B.
Estos hallazgos sugieren que otros microARN pueden tener funciones reguladoras similares en el desarrollo de los vertebrados.