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La carga de las enfermedades crónicas

C G Nicholas Mascie-Taylor¹, Enamul Karim

¹Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, UK. nmt1@cam.ac.uk

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|December 13, 2003

Resumen

La carga mundial de enfermedades está cambiando de enfermedades infecciosas a enfermedades crónicas como la obesidad, que afectan a todas las naciones. Las enfermedades tropicales descuidadas y la atención médica accesible en los países en desarrollo requieren más atención, junto con la promoción del estilo de vida en los países industrializados.

Área de la Ciencia:

Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Salud Global La salud global.
Política de salud pública Política de salud pública.

Sus antecedentes:

El panorama epidemiológico global está en transición de enfermedades infecciosas agudas y de deficiencia a enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles.
Esta transición epidemiológica es un proceso complejo, no un simple cambio, con patrones de enfermedad que evolucionan dinámicamente.
La obesidad y sus comorbilidades representan un importante desafío de salud mundial que afecta tanto a las naciones desarrolladas como a las en desarrollo.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para resaltar la naturaleza multifacética de la carga mundial de enfermedades.
Hacer hincapié en la importancia continua de las enfermedades infecciosas, especialmente en los países en desarrollo.
Abogar por una mayor atención a las enfermedades tropicales descuidadas y las diferentes necesidades de atención médica entre las naciones.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de las tendencias epidemiológicas mundiales.
Revisión de la carga de las enfermedades y los desafíos de salud pública.
Evaluación comparativa de las necesidades de atención médica en los países en desarrollo frente a los países industrializados.

Principales resultados:

Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, como la obesidad, son una creciente preocupación mundial.
Las enfermedades infecciosas, incluidos los helmintos transmitidos por el suelo y la esquistosomiasis, siguen siendo un problema importante de salud pública, especialmente en los países en desarrollo.
Existen tratamientos rentables para las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas, pero a menudo no tienen prioridad.

Conclusiones:

Los países en desarrollo requieren sistemas de salud accesibles y de alta calidad para abordar las cargas persistentes de enfermedades infecciosas.
Las naciones industrializadas necesitan mejorar la educación en salud pública y la promoción de estilos de vida saludables para combatir las enfermedades crónicas.
Es necesario un enfoque equilibrado para manejar tanto las enfermedades crónicas emergentes como las amenazas infecciosas persistentes a nivel mundial.

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