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Translation

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life

Initiation of Translation

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...

Termination of Translation

Termination of Translation

The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...

Translation

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life

Initiation of Translation

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...

Termination of Translation

Termination of Translation

The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...

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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling

Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling

Published on: May 19, 2014

Doblaje acoplado durante el inicio de la traducción.

Tatyana V Pestova¹, Christopher U T Hellen

¹Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.

|December 17, 2003

Resumen

Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Las proteínas del factor de iniciación eucariota 4E (eIF4E) y eIF4G se pliegan juntas, creando un complejo estable. Este complejo mejora la unión de la capa del ARN mensajero (ARNm), promoviendo la iniciación eficiente de la síntesis de proteínas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
Biología Estructural Biología estructural.
La bioquímica es la bioquímica.

Sus antecedentes:

La iniciación de la traducción es un paso crítico en la expresión génica, regulada por varios factores proteicos.
El factor de iniciación eucariota 4E (eIF4E) juega un papel central en la unión de la capa 5' del ARN mensajero (ARNm).
Comprender la base estructural de las interacciones de eIF4E es crucial para descifrar la regulación de la traducción.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para aclarar la base estructural de la interacción entre eIF4E y eIF4G.
Para entender cómo esta formación compleja influye en la unión de la tapa del ARNm y la iniciación de la traducción.
Investigar el papel del plegado acoplado en la estabilidad y función compleja.

Principales métodos:

Cristalografía de rayos X para determinar la estructura del complejo eIF4E-eIF4G-m(7)GDP.
Ensayos bioquímicos para medir la actividad de unión de la tapa.
Ensayos de traducción in vitro para evaluar el impacto en el inicio de la traducción.

Principales resultados:

El estudio revela la estructura de alta resolución del factor de iniciación eucariota eIF4E unido a un dominio cognado de eIF4G y m(7)GDP.
Se observó evidencia de plegamiento acoplado entre los dominios eIF4E y eIF4G, lo que lleva a un complejo estable.
El complejo formado exhibe una alta actividad de unión de capas, crucial para una eficiente unión ribosómica al ARNm.

Conclusiones:

El plegamiento acoplado de eIF4E y eIF4G es esencial para formar un complejo estable con una alta afinidad de unión de cap.
Este complejo estable es un regulador clave de la iniciación de la traducción al promover una carga ribosómica eficiente en el ARNm.
Los hallazgos proporcionan información estructural sobre un mecanismo fundamental de regulación de la expresión génica.