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El entrenamiento físico aumenta las células progenitoras endoteliales, inhibe la formación de neointima y mejora la
Ulrich Laufs1, Nikos Werner, Andreas Link
1Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik der Universität des Saarlandes, Innere Medizin III, Homburg, Germany. ulrich@laufs.com
Circulation
|December 24, 2003
Resumen
La actividad física estimula las células progenitoras endoteliales (EPC) a través de un mecanismo antiapoptótico dependiente del óxido nítrico (NO). Este aumento en los EPC puede explicar los beneficios del ejercicio para las enfermedades cardiovasculares.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Investigación Cardiovascular Investigación Cardiovascular Investigación Cardiovascular Investigación Cardiovascular Investigación Cardiovascular
- Fisiología del ejercicio Fisiología del ejercicio
- Biología celular Biología celular.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los mecanismos por los cuales el entrenamiento físico mejora la salud cardiovascular, particularmente la enfermedad arterial periférica y coronaria, siguen sin estar claros.
- Las células progenitoras endoteliales (EPC) derivadas de la médula ósea están implicadas en la reparación vascular, la angiogénesis y la mitigación de la aterosclerosis.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el impacto de la actividad física en las células progenitoras endoteliales (CEP) derivadas de la médula ósea.
- Para aclarar el papel del óxido nítrico (NO) y la apoptosis en los cambios de EPC inducidos por el ejercicio.
- Evaluar las consecuencias funcionales del ejercicio sobre la reparación vascular y la formación de neointima.
Principales métodos:
- Los ratones fueron sometidos a un protocolo de rueda de correr (5.1+/-0.8 km/d) o a condiciones sedentarias, con EPC cuantificados a través del análisis de clasificación de células activadas por fluorescencia.
- Los estudios incluyeron ratones eNOS-/- y ratones de tipo salvaje tratados con el éster metílico N (((G) -nitro-l-arginina para evaluar la dependencia de NO.
- La reparación vascular se evaluó utilizando una lesión de la arteria carótida y un modelo de angiogénesis de disco subcutáneo. También se analizaron datos de pacientes (n=19) con enfermedad arterial coronaria sometidos a entrenamiento físico moderado.
Principales resultados:
- La actividad física aumentó significativamente las EPC circulantes en la sangre periférica, la médula ósea y las células mononucleares derivadas del bazo en ratones.
- Los aumentos de EPC inducidos por el ejercicio se atenuaron en ratones eNOS-/- y ratones tratados con el éster metílico de N (((G) -nitro-l-arginina, lo que indica NO dependencia.
- Correr inhibió la formación de neointima en un 22+/-2% y aumentó la neoangiogénesis en un 41+/-16%.
- En pacientes con enfermedad arterial coronaria, el entrenamiento físico aumentó las EPC circulantes y redujo la apoptosis de EPC.
Conclusiones:
- La actividad física mejora la producción y circulación de EPCs.
- Los efectos beneficiosos del ejercicio sobre la salud cardiovascular pueden estar mediados por un mecanismo antiapoptótico parcialmente NO-dependiente que involucra EPCs.
- Los hallazgos sugieren que promover la actividad física podría ser una estrategia para mejorar la función vascular y la reparación.
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