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Probable observación de una fase de helio supersólido
1Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
Nature
|January 16, 2004
Resumen
Los investigadores observaron una fase supersólida potencial en el helio-4 confinado dentro de un medio poroso. Este hallazgo sugiere que la condensación de Bose-Einstein puede ocurrir en los tres estados de la materia: gas, líquido y sólido.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Física de la materia condensada Física de la materia condensada Física de la materia condensada Física de la materia condensada Física de la materia condensada
- La mecánica cuántica es la mecánica cuántica.
- Física de bajas temperaturas.
Sus antecedentes:
- El helio-4 líquido exhibe la condensación Bose-Einstein en un estado superfluido por debajo de 2.176 K.
- Los modelos teóricos predicen la posibilidad de superflujo en el helio-4 sólido debido a las fluctuaciones cuánticas y las vacantes del punto cero.
- La observación experimental de una fase supersólida en el helio-4 sólido a granel ha permanecido elusiva a pesar de numerosos intentos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el potencial de superflujo en el helio-4 sólido en condiciones que puedan promover la formación de vacíos.
- Para detectar experimentalmente la presencia de una fase supersólida en el helio-4 confinado dentro de un medio poroso.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron mediciones del oscilador de torsión para sondear la respuesta dinámica del helio-4 sólido.
- Helio-4 sólido confinado dentro de un medio poroso para mejorar la concentración de vacío.
- Se midió la inercia de rotación del helio-4 sólido confinado en función de la temperatura.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó una disminución abrupta en la inercia de rotación del helio-4 sólido confinado en un medio poroso por debajo de una temperatura crítica.
- Esta caída de inercia observada es consistente con el inicio de la superfluidez en la fase sólida.
- Los resultados sugieren la formación de una fase supersólida en el helio-4 confinado.
Conclusiones:
- Los hallazgos proporcionan evidencia convincente de la existencia de una fase supersólida en el helio-4.
- Este estudio demuestra que la condensación de Bose-Einstein puede ocurrir en la materia sólida, además de las fases gaseosa y líquida.
- El confinamiento del helio en medios porosos parece ser una estrategia viable para lograr la supersolididad.
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