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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Hydrolysis01:15

Hydrolysis

Overview
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the addition of water breaks down a polymer into its simpler monomer units. For example, peptides break into amino acids, carbohydrates into simple sugars, and DNA into nucleotides. Enzymes often facilitate these processes.
Hydrolysis Reverses Dehydration Synthesis
Complex carbohydrates can be broken down by breaking the bonds between individual sugar units. The reaction breaks a glycosidic bond as water is added to the compound. The...
The Atomic Theory of Matter02:59

The Atomic Theory of Matter

The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers. Leucippus and Democritus argued that all matter was composed of small, finite particles that they called atomos, meaning “indivisible.” Later, Aristotle and others came to the conclusion that matter consisted of various combinations of the four “elements” — fire, earth, air, and water — and could be infinitely divided. Interestingly, these philosophers thought about atoms and “elements” as...
Hess's Law03:40

Hess's Law

There are two ways to determine the amount of heat involved in a chemical change: measure it experimentally, or calculate it from other experimentally determined enthalpy changes. Some reactions are difficult, if not impossible, to investigate and make accurate measurements for experimentally. And even when a reaction is not hard to perform or measure, it is convenient to be able to determine the heat involved in a reaction without having to perform an experiment.
Radical Formation: Homolysis00:54

Radical Formation: Homolysis

A bond is formed between two atoms by sharing two electrons. When this bond is broken by supplying sufficient energy, either two electrons can be taken up by one atom forming ions by the cleavage called heterolysis, or the two electrons are shared by two atoms, with one each creating radicals by the cleavage called homolysis.
Radical Formation: Abstraction00:47

Radical Formation: Abstraction

The electron of an atom can be abstracted from a compound by a relatively unstable radical to generate a new radical of relatively greater stability. For example, an initiator which forms radicals by homolysis can abstract a suitable species like a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom from a compound to generate a new radical. This ability of radicals to propagate by abstraction is a crucial feature of radical chain reactions.
Even though homolysis produces radicals, it is different from radical...
Enthalpies of Chemical Changes01:26

Enthalpies of Chemical Changes

The enthalpy change of a chemical reaction is the difference between the total enthalpy of the products and the reactants. This energy change for the molecules involved in a chemical reaction can be visualized through an energy diagram, where the lines represent the total enthalpy of the reactants and products, and the gap between them signifies the enthalpy change for the reaction. In an exothermic reaction, the system's enthalpy decreases, whereas it increases in an endothermic reaction.The...

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Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo
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Published on: March 19, 2016

El cólera es el cólera.

David A Sack1, R Bradley Sack, G Balakrish Nair

  • 1International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Centre for Health and Population Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh. dsack@icddrb.org

Lancet (London, England)
|January 24, 2004
PubMed
Resumen

El cólera, una infección intestinal grave causada por el Vibrio cholerae, conduce a una rápida deshidratación y muerte sin terapia de rehidratación. Los avances en el manejo de casos y las nuevas vacunas orales prometedoras ofrecen mejores estrategias de control para esta amenaza global.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Enfermedades infecciosas Enfermedades infecciosas.
  • Gastroenterología y Gastroenterología.
  • Salud Pública La salud pública.

Sus antecedentes:

  • El cólera, causado por el Vibrio cholerae, resulta en diarrea acuosa severa, deshidratación y shock.
  • La enfermedad ha causado múltiples pandemias a nivel mundial, originadas en el subcontinente indio.
  • Los serogrupos emergentes como el O139 plantean amenazas pandémicas en curso.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar el impacto del cólera y los avances en su manejo.
  • Para resaltar la importancia de la terapia de rehidratación en la reducción de la mortalidad por cólera.
  • Discutir el panorama cambiante de la prevención del cólera, incluidas las nuevas vacunas.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de la literatura sobre la epidemiología del cólera y el manejo clínico.
  • Análisis del impacto de las terapias de rehidratación en las tasas de mortalidad.
  • Evaluación de las estrategias actuales y emergentes de prevención del cólera.

Principales resultados:

  • La terapia de rehidratación efectiva ha reducido significativamente las muertes por cólera y otras enfermedades diarreicas.
  • Las soluciones de rehidratación oral son una piedra angular de la gestión de casos de cólera.
  • Las nuevas vacunas orales contra el cólera están demostrando una promesa significativa para la prevención.

Conclusiones:

  • La mejora de la gestión de casos, en particular la terapia de rehidratación, ha reducido drásticamente la mortalidad por cólera.
  • Si bien históricamente ha sido un desafío, la vacunación está emergiendo como una herramienta viable contra el cólera.
  • La investigación continua y la implementación de medidas de control son cruciales para combatir las pandemias de cólera.