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Mercados húmedos - una fuente continua de síndrome respiratorio agudo grave y la gripe?
1Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA. robert.webster@stjude.org
Lancet (London, England)
|January 24, 2004
Resumen
Los mercados de animales vivos son una fuente potencial de nuevos virus como el coronavirus del SARS y la gripe. Comprender su ecología puede servir como un sistema de alerta temprana para futuros brotes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina Veterinaria La medicina veterinaria es el campo de la medicina en el que se desarrolla la medicina veterinaria.
- Enfermedades infecciosas Enfermedades infecciosas.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los mercados de animales vivos, comunes en Asia, venden varios animales, incluidas aves de corral, mamíferos y reptiles.
- Estos mercados han estado implicados en la transmisión de enfermedades zoonóticas, como la gripe aviar H5N1 y el coronavirus SARS.
- A pesar de la refrigeración, la preferencia por los animales vivos persiste, lo que aumenta el riesgo de transmisión de enfermedades.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el papel de los mercados de animales vivos como una fuente potencial de aparición de enfermedades zoonóticas.
- Explorar los factores ecológicos dentro de los mercados húmedos que facilitan la transmisión del virus.
- Establecer la vigilancia del mercado de animales vivos como un sistema de alerta temprana para posibles pandemias.
Principales métodos:
- Aislamiento del coronavirus (CoV) del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS) de las civetas de palma del Himalaya y detección de evidencia serológica en perros mapache.
- Análisis de la dinámica de transmisión de enfermedades dentro de los mercados de aves de corral vivas.
- Monitoreo de la ecología viral en los mercados húmedos.
Principales resultados:
- El SARS-CoV se aisló de las civetas de palma del Himalaya, con evidencia de infección en perros mapache y trabajadores del mercado.
- Los mercados de aves de corral vivas fueron identificados como la fuente de transmisión de la influenza aviar H5N1 a los seres humanos.
- El estudio apoya la hipótesis de un origen zoonótico para el SARS y destaca el riesgo de reaparición.
Conclusiones:
- Los mercados de animales vivos representan un riesgo significativo para la aparición y reaparición de virus zoonóticos, incluidos el SARS-CoV y la gripe.
- El conocimiento de la ecología viral en estos mercados es crucial para desarrollar sistemas eficaces de alerta temprana.
- Las estrategias de salud pública deben considerar una vigilancia reforzada en los mercados de animales vivos para prevenir futuros brotes.
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