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La empatía por el dolor involucra los componentes afectivos pero no sensoriales del dolor
Tania Singer1, Ben Seymour, John O'Doherty
1Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College of London, 12 Queen Square, WC1N 3AR London, UK. t.singer@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 21, 2004
Resumen
La empatía implica experimentar el dolor de otro. Las imágenes cerebrales muestran que la ínsula anterior (IA) y la corteza cingulada anterior (ACC) se activan tanto para el dolor personal como para presenciar el dolor de un ser querido, lo que sugiere vías afectivas compartidas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Psicología Psicología Psicología.
- La cognición social es el conocimiento social.
Sus antecedentes:
- La empatía, la capacidad de compartir los sentimientos de otro, es un aspecto fundamental de la interacción social humana.
- Comprender la base neuronal de la empatía, particularmente para el dolor, es crucial para explicar el vínculo social y la compasión.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar los correlatos neuronales de la empatía por el dolor utilizando neuroimagen funcional.
- Para diferenciar las regiones cerebrales involucradas en experimentar el dolor personal frente a la empatía con el dolor de un ser querido.
Principales métodos:
- Se empleó imágenes de resonancia magnética funcional (IRMf) para medir la actividad cerebral en voluntarios.
- Los participantes se sometieron a estímulos dolorosos y observaron señales de un ser querido que recibía estímulos similares.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó una activación compartida en la ínsula anterior bilateral (IA) y la corteza cingulada anterior rostral (ACC) tanto para las condiciones de auto-dolor como de empatía.
- La activación en AI y ACC se correlacionó con las puntuaciones de empatía individuales.
- Regiones como la ínsula posterior, la corteza somatosensorial y el ACC caudal se activaron de manera única al experimentar dolor personal.
Conclusiones:
- La base neuronal de la experiencia empática, específicamente para el dolor, involucra regiones del cerebro asociadas con el procesamiento afectivo (AI, ACC rostral), no toda la matriz del dolor.
- La empatía por el dolor parece involucrar a los componentes afectivos, pero no sensoriales, de la red del dolor.
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