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What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
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Reporter Genes

Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
Commonly used reporter...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
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A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
However, only 1% of the DNA is composed of genes that encode proteins; the rest, 99% is non-coding DNA. This non-coding DNA performs...
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

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Single-cell Gene Expression Profiling Using FACS and qPCR with Internal Standards
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Visualizar la expresión génica: una historia en desarrollo.

Steven Henikoff1

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.

Cell
|March 10, 2004
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores observaron cambios en tiempo real en la transcripción eucariota, encontrando que la descondensación del ADN está relacionada con alteraciones significativas en la composición de la cromatina después de la inducción transcripcional.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
  • Biología celular Biología celular.
  • Genética La genética.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La transcripción eucariota involucra a las polimerasas de ARN que procesan plantillas de ADN enrolladas alrededor de las histonas.
  • Comprender la naturaleza dinámica de la transcripción es crucial para la función celular.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para visualizar y analizar los eventos en tiempo real después de la inducción transcripcional en células eucariotas.
  • Para investigar la relación entre la accesibilidad de la plantilla de ADN y la estructura de la cromatina.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó un sistema citológico integrado para la observación en tiempo real.
  • Cambios monitoreados en la composición de la cromatina durante eventos de transcripción.

Principales resultados:

  • Se observa la descondensación local de la plantilla de ADN tras la inducción transcripcional.
  • Cambios significativos y profundos documentados en la composición de la cromatina que acompañan a la descondensación.

Conclusiones:

  • La inducción transcripcional desencadena cambios dinámicos en la estructura de la cromatina.
  • La descondensación del ADN local es un evento clave asociado con la composición alterada de la cromatina durante la transcripción.