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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: May 10, 2026

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins
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Bases estructurales para la selección de sustratos por la ARN polimerasa t7

Dmitry Temiakov1, Vsevolod Patlan, Michael Anikin

  • 1Morse Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of Microbiology, SUNY Health Science Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11203, USA.

Cell
|March 16, 2004
PubMed
Resumen

Las polimerasas de ARN (ARNPs) seleccionan sustratos en una conformación abierta, a diferencia de las polimerasas de ADN. Este descubrimiento revela un nuevo mecanismo para la selección de sustratos antes de la activación catalítica, potencialmente universal en todos los ARNPs.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
  • Biología Estructural Biología estructural.
  • La bioquímica es la bioquímica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las polimerasas de nucleótidos son cruciales para la replicación del ADN y la fidelidad de la transcripción.
  • La selección del sustrato en las polimerasas de ADN poli I está vinculada a la transición de una conformación abierta a una cerrada.
  • Los determinantes de la selección del sustrato en las polimerasas de ADN están asociados con el estado cerrado.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar si los mecanismos de selección de sustrato se conservan en las polimerasas de ARN de una sola subunidad (ARNPs).
  • Para determinar la estructura del complejo de alargamiento T7 RNAP con un sustrato entrante analógico.

Principales métodos:

  • Cristalografía de rayos X para determinar la estructura del complejo de alargamiento T7 RNAP.
  • Análisis estructural de la unión del sustrato en la conformación abierta.
  • Modelado de ARNPs de múltiples subunidades.

Principales resultados:

  • T7 RNAP se une al sustrato en una conformación abierta, a diferencia de las ADN polimerasas.
  • La unión al sustrato implica el emparejamiento de bases con la base de la plantilla en estado abierto.
  • La tirosina 639 (Tyr639) distingue entre sustratos de ribosa y de desoxirribosa.

Conclusiones:

  • La selección del sustrato en los ARNPs ocurre antes de la isomerización a la conformación catalíticamente activa.
  • Este mecanismo representa una nueva vía para la selección de sustratos en las polimerasas de nucleótidos.
  • Los hallazgos sugieren que este mecanismo puede conservarse en todos los ARNPs, incluidas las formas multisubunitaria.