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¿Patentes sobre fragmentos de ADN complementarios y aleatorios?
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 14, 1992
Resumen
La propuesta de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud (NIH) para patentar secuencias del genoma humano es legalmente defectuosa y obstaculiza la investigación en biotecnología. Controlar el material genético crudo antes de que se demuestre su utilidad impide el progreso científico.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Derecho de la biotecnología Derecho de la biotecnología.
- Propiedad intelectual La propiedad intelectual.
- Investigación genómica de la investigación genómica.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud (NIH) propusieron patentar productos derivados únicamente de la secuenciación del genoma humano.
- Esta propuesta plantea importantes cuestiones legales y éticas con respecto a la propiedad intelectual en la biotecnología.
- El control de las materias primas científicas antes de que se establezcan sus aplicaciones prácticas es una preocupación creciente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar las implicaciones legales y éticas de patentar secuencias del genoma humano.
- Criticar la propuesta de los NIH basada en la ley de patentes existente, específicamente el requisito de "utilidad".
- Proponer soluciones para abordar el problema más amplio del control de los descubrimientos científicos fundamentales.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis jurídico de la ley de patentes con respecto a la "utilidad" y los "productos de la naturaleza".
- Examen de la propuesta del NIH y su impacto potencial en la innovación biotecnológica.
- Revisión de los marcos jurídicos existentes y recomendaciones de políticas.
Principales resultados:
- La propuesta de los NIH se considera legalmente cuestionable, y potencialmente viola los requisitos de la ley de patentes.
- La patentación de datos genómicos crudos antes de que se determine su utilidad práctica sofoca la experimentación científica y la innovación.
- El sistema legal actual puede estar mal equipado para manejar la patentación de descubrimientos biotecnológicos fundamentales.
Conclusiones:
- La propuesta de los NIH para patentar secuencias del genoma humano es poco aconsejable y legalmente poco sólida.
- Se necesita una reevaluación más amplia de la ley de patentes para abordar el control de las materias primas científicas en la biotecnología.
- Se proporcionan recomendaciones para el Poder Ejecutivo, el Congreso y los tribunales para rectificar estos problemas.
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