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La mutación del gen de la miosina se correlaciona con cambios anatómicos en el linaje humano
Hansell H Stedman1, Benjamin W Kozyak, Anthony Nelson
1Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. hstedman@mail.med.upenn.edu
Nature
|March 26, 2004
Resumen
Una mutación genética inactivó la miosina de cadena pesada (MYH) en los antepasados humanos, lo que condujo a músculos masticables más pequeños. Este cambio proteómico ocurrió hace unos 2,4 millones de años, distinguiendo a los primeros Homo de los chimpancés.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- La paleoproteómica es la paleoproteómica.
- Los orígenes humanos.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los músculos masticatorios son poderosos en los simios y los primeros homínidos, en contraste con los músculos más pequeños en el Homo.
- El aparato masticatorio de los homínidos evolucionó de un antepasado parecido a un chimpancé hacia la gracilización, coincidiendo con la expansión del cerebro humano.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
01:39Mutations
Overview
01:39Mutations
Overview
02:05Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
In contrast, regions which code...
01:15Overview of Myosin Structure and Function
Myosins are a family of molecular motor proteins, first identified in the skeletal muscles, where they are responsible for muscle contraction. Along with their role in muscle contraction, these proteins also play a role in the intracellular transport of molecules and vesicles. There are twenty-four classes of myosins based on their domain sequence and organization. Of the twenty-four, six classes (Myosin I, Myosin II, Myosin V, Myosin VI, Myosin VII, and Myosin X) have been well characterized.
01:35Mutations
Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
02:05Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
In contrast, regions which code...