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Un gran foco de Plasmodium adquirido de forma natural es conocido por las infecciones en seres humanos
Balbir Singh1, Lee Kim Sung, Asmad Matusop
1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. bsingh@fmhs.unimas.my
Lancet (London, England)
|March 31, 2004
Resumen
La microscopía identificó erróneamente más de la mitad de los casos de malaria como Plasmodium malariae en el Borneo malayo; las pruebas moleculares revelaron que en realidad eran infecciones por Plasmodium knowlesi. Esto pone de relieve la necesidad de métodos de diagnóstico precisos para combatir la transmisión de la malaria.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Parasitología Médica.
- Diagnóstico molecular El diagnóstico molecular es el diagnóstico molecular.
- Enfermedades infecciosas Enfermedades infecciosas.
Sus antecedentes:
- La microscopia erroneamente identificó de manera rutinaria aproximadamente el 20% de los casos de malaria como Plasmodium malariae en el Borneo malayo.
- Estas infecciones atípicas por Plasmodium malariae no pudieron ser confirmadas por ensayos de PCR anidados, lo que provocó una mayor investigación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si las infecciones atípicas por Plasmodium malariae se debían a una cepa variante o a una nueva especie de Plasmodium.
- Para identificar con precisión el agente causante de la malaria en la división Kapit utilizando métodos moleculares.
Principales métodos:
- Se recogieron muestras de sangre de 208 pacientes con malaria entre 2000 y 2002.
- Se secuenciaron las pequeñas subunidades del ARN ribosómico y los genes de la proteína circumsporosa para ocho aislados.
- Se emplearon ensayos de PCR anidados con primers específicos de Plasmodium knowlesi para la caracterización.
Principales resultados:
- La secuenciación del ADN reveló que los aislados eran filogenéticamente indistinguibles de Plasmodium knowlesi, un parásito de macaco.
- La PCR confirmó el Plasmodium knowlesi en el 58% de los casos de malaria, sin que se detectara Plasmodium malariae.
- El Plasmodium knowlesi en los glóbulos rojos humanos era morfológicamente similar al Plasmodium malariae, lo que llevó a un diagnóstico erróneo.
Conclusiones:
- Las infecciones por Plasmodium knowlesi adquiridas naturalmente, diagnosticadas erróneamente como Plasmodium malariae, representaron más de la mitad de los casos de malaria estudiados.
- La identificación precisa de Plasmodium knowlesi requiere métodos moleculares debido a las similitudes morfológicas con Plasmodium malariae.
- Se necesita más investigación para determinar el origen de las infecciones humanas por Plasmodium knowlesi en esta región.
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