Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
02:11The Cell Cycle Control System
The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
01:30Overview of Cell Death
Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
01:24Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
01:28The Cell Cycle Control System
The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the primary cell cycle regulators and function at the cell...
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the primary cell cycle regulators and function at the cell...
01:27Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division
Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
Several proteins function as internal regulators to ensure each cell cycle stage is completed faithfully before proceeding to the next. Regulator molecules may act directly or influence the activity or production of other...
Several proteins function as internal regulators to ensure each cell cycle stage is completed faithfully before proceeding to the next. Regulator molecules may act directly or influence the activity or production of other...
01:27Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Control programado de la población mediante comunicación célula-célula y matanza regulada.
Lingchong You1, Robert Sidney Cox, Ron Weiss
1Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
Nature
|April 6, 2004
Resumen
Los circuitos genéticos diseñados controlan las poblaciones bacterianas al vincular la expresión génica con la supervivencia celular. Este nuevo enfoque permite una dinámica de población predecible a pesar de las variaciones celulares individuales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología sintética Biología sintética.
- La ingeniería microbiana es la ingeniería microbiana.
- Biología de Sistemas Biología de Sistemas.
Sus antecedentes:
- La ingeniería de circuitos genéticos predecibles en las células es un desafío debido al ruido inherente y la variabilidad celular.
- El control del comportamiento celular a nivel de la población requiere mecanismos robustos para superar las diferencias celulares individuales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Diseñar un circuito genético sintético para la regulación autónoma de la densidad de población en Escherichia coli.
- Para demostrar cómo la comunicación célula-célula se puede utilizar para programar la dinámica de la población a pesar de la variabilidad celular individual.
Principales métodos:
- Diseñó y construyó un circuito genético de "control de población" en E. coli.
- Utilizó un sistema de detección de quórum bacteriano para vincular la densidad celular con la tasa de muerte celular.
- Empleado el modelado matemático para predecir y analizar el comportamiento del circuito.
Principales resultados:
- El circuito de ingeniería regula con éxito la densidad de población de E. coli de forma autónoma.
- Logró un estado estacionario estable y ajustable para la densidad celular y la expresión génica.
- Se ha demostrado la programabilidad de la muerte celular en respuesta a los cambios ambientales.
Conclusiones:
- El acoplamiento de la expresión génica a la supervivencia celular a través de la comunicación célula-célula permite un control robusto a nivel de población.
- Los circuitos genéticos sintéticos pueden superar la variabilidad celular individual para lograr dinámicas de población predecibles.
- Este sistema proporciona información sobre los principios de diseño de los sistemas biológicos naturales y permite nuevas aplicaciones en ingeniería microbiana.