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Riesgo de cáncer por rayos X de diagnóstico: estimaciones para el Reino Unido y otros 14 países
Amy Berrington de González1, Sarah Darby
1Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, UK. amy.berrington@cancer.org.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|April 9, 2004
Resumen
Las radiografías de diagnóstico contribuyen a un pequeño porcentaje del riesgo de cáncer. En el Reino Unido, las radiografías de diagnóstico representan aproximadamente el 0,6% del riesgo acumulado de cáncer a los 75 años, lo que equivale a unos 700 casos anuales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Imágenes médicas de imágenes médicas.
- Radioncología Oncología de la radiación.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los rayos X de diagnóstico son la principal fuente de exposición a la radiación hecha por el hombre a nivel mundial.
- Si bien son beneficiosos, los rayos X de diagnóstico conllevan un riesgo reconocido, aunque pequeño, de desarrollo de cáncer.
- Este estudio cuantifica el riesgo de cáncer asociado con los procedimientos diagnósticos de rayos X.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para estimar el riesgo de cáncer atribuible a las radiografías de diagnóstico en el Reino Unido.
- Para comparar este riesgo con el de otras 14 naciones desarrolladas.
- Evaluar las implicaciones para la salud pública de la exposición a la radiación de diagnóstico.
Principales métodos:
- Datos combinados sobre la frecuencia de rayos X de diagnóstico y las dosis específicas de órganos.
- Utilizó modelos de riesgo derivados de estudios de sobrevivientes de la bomba atómica.
- Métodos de tabla de vida aplicados con incidencia de cáncer y tasas de mortalidad de la población.
Principales resultados:
- En el Reino Unido, las radiografías de diagnóstico están vinculadas al 0,6% del riesgo acumulado de cáncer a los 75 años, aproximadamente 700 casos al año.
- El riesgo de cáncer atribuible en otros 13 países desarrollados osciló entre el 0,6% y el 1,8%.
- Japón exhibió el riesgo más alto, superior al 3%, debido a la alta frecuencia de exposición anual.
Conclusiones:
- Se proporcionan estimaciones detalladas del riesgo de cáncer a partir de radiografías de diagnóstico.
- Reconoce las incertidumbres inherentes debido a las suposiciones en los cálculos.
- Sugiere que si bien la sobreestimación es posible, la subestimación sustancial es poco probable.
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