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Adición y sustracción por bebés humanos.

K Wynn1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721.

Nature
|August 27, 1992
PubMed
Resumen

Los bebés de cinco meses demuestran verdaderos conceptos numéricos mediante el cálculo de resultados aritméticos. Esto sugiere habilidades humanas innatas para el procesamiento de números y que la subitización codifica información ordinal.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias Cognitivas Ciencias Cognitivas.
  • Psicología del desarrollo Psicología del desarrollo.
  • La neurociencia es la neurociencia.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los bebés pueden discriminar números pequeños y determinar la equivalencia numérica a través de los sentidos.
  • Se debate la naturaleza de la subitización (cuantificación de números pequeños sin contar): reconocimiento de patrones holísticos vs. conteo iterativo.
  • Comprender la cognición numérica infantil arroja luz sobre los orígenes de las habilidades matemáticas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar si los bebés de 5 meses de edad poseen verdaderos conceptos numéricos.
  • Para determinar si los bebés pueden realizar operaciones aritméticas simples.
  • Explorar la naturaleza de la subitización y su relación con los conceptos numéricos.

Principales métodos:

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  • A los bebés se les presentaron secuencias de estímulos visuales que involucraban a pequeños números.
  • El estudio evaluó la capacidad de los bebés para rastrear y calcular los resultados de las operaciones aritméticas (por ejemplo, suma / resta) en estos estímulos.
  • Se analizaron las respuestas conductuales para inferir el entendimiento numérico.

Principales resultados:

  • Los bebés de 5 meses demostraron la capacidad de calcular los resultados de operaciones aritméticas simples.
  • El rendimiento de los bebés indicó que no se limitaban a discriminar cantidades, sino que entendían relaciones numéricas.
  • La evidencia sugiere que la subitización codifica la información numérica ordinal.

Conclusiones:

  • Los bebés poseen verdaderos conceptos numéricos desde una edad temprana.
  • Los seres humanos parecen estar dotados de manera innata con habilidades aritméticas fundamentales.
  • La subitización es probablemente un proceso ordinal, no sólo el reconocimiento de patrones.