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RNA Structure

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...

RNA Stability

RNA Stability

Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...

RNA Structure

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...

RNA Stability

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...

RNA Structure

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...

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Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...

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La complejidad informativa y la actividad funcional de las estructuras de ARN.

James M Carothers¹, Stephanie C Oestreich, Jonathan H Davis

¹Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114 USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|April 22, 2004

Resumen

El aumento de la complejidad estructural del ARN mejora la actividad de unión, pero reduce la abundancia. Este estudio cuantifica el costo de la información de la unión más apretada en los aptameros de ARN y las ribozimas, lo que sugiere un principio general para la función molecular.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
La biofísica es la biofísica.
La bioinformática es la bioinformática.

Sus antecedentes:

La distribución de las secuencias funcionales de ácido nucleico y proteínas en el espacio de secuencias sigue siendo en gran parte inexplorada.
Comprender la relación entre la complejidad molecular y la actividad bioquímica es crucial para campos como la biología sintética y el descubrimiento de fármacos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la relación entre la complejidad estructural y la actividad funcional en las moléculas de ARN.
Cuantificar la información requerida para especificar las estructuras de ARN con diferentes afinidades de unión y eficiencias catalíticas.

Principales métodos:

Experimentalmente se midió el contenido de información necesario para definir estructuras de unión óptimas para once distintos aptameres de ARN de unión a GTP.
Comparó la complejidad estructural y la actividad de dos moléculas de ARN catalítico (ribozima ligasa).
Analizó la abundancia de secuencias de ARN funcional en grupos de secuencias aleatorias.

Principales resultados:

Un aumento de 10 veces en la afinidad de unión para los aptameros de ARN requirió aproximadamente 10 bits adicionales de información, equivalentes a cinco posiciones de nucleótidos.
Este aumento en el contenido de información se correlacionó con una disminución de 1000 veces en la abundancia de secuencias.
Se observó una relación similar entre complejidad y actividad para los ARN catalíticos, lo que sugiere un principio general.

Conclusiones:

Existe una correlación directa entre la información requerida para especificar la estructura de un ARN y su actividad funcional.
Este principio puede extenderse a otros heteropolímeros biológicos y sintéticos, ofreciendo un método para la comparación funcional objetiva.
Los hallazgos podrían ayudar a predecir el potencial funcional de nuevas secuencias moleculares.