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Los transportadores vesiculares de glutamato 1 y 2 se dirigen a sitios de liberación sináptica funcionalmente
Robert T Fremeau1, Kaiwen Kam, Tayyaba Qureshi
1Department of Neurology, Graduate Programs in Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, CA 94143, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 1, 2004
Resumen
Los transportadores vesiculares de glutamato (VGLUTs) 1 y 2 tienen funciones distintas en las sinapsis cerebrales adultas. La pérdida de VGLUT1 afecta la función de la neurona excitatoria y las bolsas de vesículas sinápticas, revelando un papel en el tráfico de membranas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
- Fisiología Sináptica Fisiología Sináptica
Sus antecedentes:
- Los transportadores vesiculares de glutamato (VGLUTs) 1 y 2 presentan distribuciones distintas en el cerebro adulto.
- Esta segregación sugiere roles especializados en la transmisión sináptica.
- Estudios previos indicaron que la inactivación de VGLUT1 silencia neuronas excitatorias específicas en adultos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los roles funcionales de VGLUT1 y VGLUT2 en la transmisión sináptica durante el desarrollo y la edad adulta.
- Para aclarar las contribuciones específicas de VGLUT1 a la función neuronal y la dinámica de las vesículas sinápticas.
Principales métodos:
- Estudios de inactivación génica (noqueo VGLUT1).
- Registros electrofisiológicos de la transmisión sináptica.
- Análisis de las piscinas de vesículas sinápticas y el tráfico de membranas.
Principales resultados:
- La inactivación de VGLUT1 silenció un subconjunto de neuronas excitatorias en el cerebro adulto.
- Las neuronas en desarrollo mostraron transmisión independiente de VGLUT1, con coexpresión transitoria de VGLUT1 y VGLUT2 en sinapsis que exhiben diferentes plasticidades.
- La pérdida de VGLUT1 redujo la reserva de las vesículas sinápticas.
Conclusiones:
- VGLUT1 juega un papel crítico en la regulación de la neurotransmisión excitatoria, particularmente en las sinapsis adultas.
- Las neuronas en desarrollo exhiben mecanismos compensatorios para la pérdida de VGLUT1.
- VGLUT1 tiene una función inesperada en el tráfico de membranas terminales nerviosas, que afecta a la dinámica de las vesículas sinápticas.
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