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Tendencias en la presión arterial entre niños y adolescentes
Paul Muntner1, Jiang He, Jeffrey A Cutler
1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, La 70112, USA. pmuntner@tulane.edu
JAMA
|May 6, 2004
Resumen
La presión arterial infantil aumentó significativamente entre 1988 y 2000. Este aumento de la presión arterial está relacionado con la creciente prevalencia de niños y adolescentes con sobrepeso.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pediátrica en la Salud Pediátrica.
- Epidemiología cardiovascular y epidemiología cardiovascular.
- Salud Pública Nutrición Salud Pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La prevalencia del sobrepeso infantil aumentó de 1988 a 2000.
- Anteriormente se desconocían las tendencias de la presión arterial pediátrica y el impacto del sobrepeso durante este período.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar las tendencias de la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica entre niños y adolescentes de 1988 a 2000.
- Investigar la asociación entre el sobrepeso y los cambios en la presión arterial en poblaciones pediátricas.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos representativos a nivel nacional de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (NHANES III) 1988-1994 y NHANES 1999-2000.
- Se incluyeron muestras transversales de niños y adolescentes de 8 a 17 años.
- Los niveles medidos de la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica.
Principales resultados:
- La presión arterial sistólica promedio fue 1,4 mm Hg más alta y la presión arterial diastólica fue 3,3 mm Hg más alta en 1999-2000 en comparación con 1988-1994, después de la estandarización.
- Se observaron disparidades étnicas y de género en la presión arterial, con niveles más altos en niños negros no hispanos y mexicanos estadounidenses.
- El ajuste por el índice de masa corporal atenuó estas diferencias, lo que indica el papel del sobrepeso.
Conclusiones:
- La presión arterial pediátrica ha aumentado en la última década.
- El aumento de la presión arterial infantil se atribuye en parte al aumento de la prevalencia del sobrepeso.
- Las intervenciones de salud pública dirigidas a la obesidad infantil son cruciales para la salud cardiovascular.
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