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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Frictional Force01:07

Frictional Force

When a body is in motion, it encounters resistance because the body interacts with its surroundings. This resistance is known as friction, a common yet complex force whose behavior is still not completely understood. Friction opposes relative motion between systems in contact, but also allows us to move. Friction arises in part due to the roughness of surfaces in contact. For one object to move along a surface, it must rise to where the peaks of the surface can skip along the bottom of the...
Static and Kinetic Frictional Force01:05

Static and Kinetic Frictional Force

One of the simpler characteristics of sliding friction is that it is parallel to the contact surfaces between systems, and is always in a direction that opposes the motion or attempted motion of the systems relative to each other. If two systems are in contact and moving relative to one another, then the friction between them is called kinetic friction. For example, kinetic friction slows a hockey puck sliding on ice.
However, if two systems are in contact and are stationary relative to one...
Dry Friction01:30

Dry Friction

Dry friction occurs between two solid surfaces in contact as they attempt to move relative to one another. In daily life, dry friction is encountered in various forms, such as when walking on the ground, sliding an object across a table, or rubbing hands together. Despite its ubiquity, the underlying mechanisms behind dry friction are not readily visible.
To illustrate this concept, imagine a wooden crate resting on a rough, non-uniform horizontal surface. When an external force is applied to...
Kinetic Friction01:26

Kinetic Friction

Consider a truck trying to pull a stationary car. As the truck exerts a force on the car, static friction is created at the point of contact between the two surfaces. This frictional force resists the car's movement and keeps it at rest. However, when the applied force by the truck surpasses the limiting static frictional force, an interesting phenomenon occurs. The frictional force at the interface reduces to a lower value, known as the kinetic frictional force. At this point, the car begins...
Frictional Forces on Flat Belts01:28

Frictional Forces on Flat Belts

Flat belts are commonly used in various industrial applications for transmitting power from one pulley to another. When a flat belt is wrapped around a set of pulleys, it experiences different tensions at the driving pulley ends due to the friction between the belt and pulley surface. When the pulley moves in a counterclockwise direction, the tension T2 on the opposite side of the pulley where the belt is moving away from is higher than the tension T1 on the side where the belt is moving...
Rolling Resistance01:21

Rolling Resistance

When a solid cylinder rolls steadily on a rigid surface, the normal force applied by the surface on the cylinder is perpendicular to the tangent at the contact point. However, since no materials are entirely rigid, the surface's reaction to the cylinder involves a range of normal pressures.
For instance, imagine a hard cylinder rolling on a comparatively soft surface. The cylinder's weight compresses the surface beneath it. As the cylinder moves, the material in front of it slows down due to...

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Label-free Isolation and Enrichment of Cells Through Contactless Dielectrophoresis
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Published on: September 3, 2013

Dinámica de la superficie impulsada por la dislocación en sólidos.

S Kodambaka1, S V Khare, W Swiech

  • 1Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory and the Department of Materials Science, University of Illinois, 104 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. kodambak@uiuc.edu

Nature
|May 7, 2004
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Las dislocaciones superficiales impulsan el crecimiento en espiral de las superficies de nitruro de titanio (TiN) a través de la migración por defecto puntual. Este fenómeno, observado sin estrés externo, revela nuevos conocimientos sobre el áspero de la superficie mediado por la dislocación y la estabilidad nanoestructural.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
  • Ciencias de la superficie Ciencias de la superficie.
  • Física del estado sólido Física del estado sólido

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las dislocaciones son defectos de línea en sólidos cristalinos que influyen en las propiedades del material.
  • Las dislocaciones terminadas en la superficie impactan la estabilidad de la nanoestructura, los procesos mecánicos y químicos.
  • Existe una comprensión limitada con respecto a los efectos de la dislocación en la dinámica de la superficie y la evolución.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar la dinámica de casi equilibrio de las dislocaciones terminadas en la superficie.
  • Comprender el papel de las dislocaciones en la evolución morfológica de la superficie.
  • Explorar los mecanismos que controlan la estabilidad de las nanoestructuras en las superficies.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó microscopía electrónica de baja energía (LEEM) para la observación en tiempo real.
  • Dislocaciones estudiadas que terminan en la (111) superficie del nitruro de titanio (TiN).
  • Fenómenos observados en ausencia de tensión externa aplicada o cambio de masa neta.

Principales resultados:

  • Se observó la nucleación impulsada térmicamente y el crecimiento de pasos en espiral alrededor de los núcleos de dislocación.
  • Se ha demostrado que el crecimiento de pasos en espiral a velocidades angulares constantes y dependientes de la temperatura conserva la forma.
  • Atribuida a la formación de pasos en espiral a la migración de puntos de defecto a lo largo de las líneas de dislocación de la masa a la superficie.

Conclusiones:

  • Las dislocaciones terminadas en la superficie pueden inducir dinámicas superficiales significativas y evolución morfológica.
  • El áspero de la superficie mediado por la dislocación ocurre incluso sin deposición o evaporación.
  • Los hallazgos proporcionan información fundamental sobre los mecanismos que rigen la estabilidad de las nanoestructuras.