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Zinc para la neumonía grave en niños muy pequeños: ensayo doble ciego controlado con placebo
W Abdullah Brooks1, M Yunus, Mathuram Santosham
1Centre for Health and Population Research, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, GPO Box 128 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. abrooks@icddrb.org
Lancet (London, England)
|May 26, 2004
Resumen
La suplementación con zinc reduce significativamente la duración de la neumonía grave en niños. Esta intervención también acorta las estancias hospitalarias, ofreciendo un tratamiento rentable para la neumonía pediátrica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Enfermedades Infecciosas Pediátricas
- Ciencias de la Nutrición Ciencias de la Nutrición
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- La neumonía es una de las principales causas de enfermedad y muerte infantil en todo el mundo.
- La resolución temprana de los síntomas en la neumonía grave mejora los resultados de los pacientes.
- El papel del zinc como reactivo de fase aguda sugiere beneficios terapéuticos potenciales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si la suplementación con zinc acorta la duración de la neumonía grave en niños.
- Para determinar el efecto del zinc en la duración de la estancia hospitalaria en pacientes pediátricos con neumonía.
- Evaluar el zinc como terapia adyuvante para la neumonía grave.
Principales métodos:
- Un ensayo doble ciego controlado con placebo en el que participaron 270 niños de 2 a 23 meses de edad.
- Los participantes recibieron 20 mg de zinc elemental al día o un placebo, junto con el tratamiento antimicrobiano estándar.
- Los resultados medidos incluyeron el tiempo hasta la resolución de los signos graves de neumonía y la duración del alta hospitalaria.
Principales resultados:
- La suplementación con zinc redujo significativamente la duración de la neumonía grave (RH = 0,70).
- El tratamiento también acortó la duración total de la estancia hospitalaria (RH = 0,75), con un promedio de un día menos.
- Los efectos fueron más pronunciados cuando los niños con sibilancias fueron excluidos del análisis.
Conclusiones:
- 20 mg diarios de zinc acelera la recuperación en niños con neumonía grave.
- El zinc puede reducir la resistencia a los antibióticos al disminuir la exposición a múltiples antibióticos.
- Esta intervención podría disminuir las complicaciones y la mortalidad en entornos con recursos limitados.
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