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What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Processing of Primary Brain Tumor Tissue for Stem Cell Assays and Flow Sorting
08:14

Processing of Primary Brain Tumor Tissue for Stem Cell Assays and Flow Sorting

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Control de la estocasticidad en la expresión génica eucariota.

Jonathan M Raser1, Erin K O'Shea

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California-San Francisco (UCSF), 600 16th Street, Room S472D, San Francisco, CA 94143-2240, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 29, 2004
PubMed
Resumen

El ruido de la expresión génica, o fluctuaciones aleatorias, causa la variabilidad celular. Este ruido es genético y puede evolucionar, equilibrando la fidelidad celular y la diversidad.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
  • Genética La genética.
  • Biología de Sistemas Biología de Sistemas.

Sus antecedentes:

  • El comportamiento celular puede variar debido a fluctuaciones aleatorias (ruido) en la expresión génica.
  • Comprender las fuentes e implicaciones del ruido de la expresión génica es crucial en la biología molecular.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para cuantificar el ruido intrínseco en la expresión génica eucariota.
  • Investigar los factores que influyen en la variabilidad de la expresión génica.
  • Para explorar el potencial evolutivo del ruido de la expresión génica.

Principales métodos:

  • Diferencias cuantificadas en la expresión entre dos alelos en células diploides para medir el ruido intrínseco.
  • Desarrolló un modelo que vincula la activación del promotor y la transcripción a la variabilidad del ARN mensajero (ARNm).
  • Identificaron mutaciones cis y trans que afectan el ruido de la expresión génica. ruido de expresión génica.

Principales resultados:

  • El ruido de la expresión génica es genespecífico e independiente de las vías reguladoras o las tasas de expresión.
  • Se propuso un modelo en el que la activación del promotor y el equilibrio de transcripción influyen en la variabilidad del ARNm.
  • Se identificaron mutaciones que alteran el ruido, lo que apoya el ruido como un rasgo evolutivo.

Conclusiones:

  • El ruido intrínseco de la expresión génica es una característica específica del gen.
  • El equilibrio entre la activación del promotor y la transcripción es un factor clave en la variabilidad del nivel de ARNm.
  • El ruido de expresión génica es un rasgo evolutivo que se puede optimizar para la adaptación celular, equilibrando la consistencia y la diversidad.