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La carga global de las enfermedades crónicas: superar los obstáculos a la prevención y el control
Derek Yach1, Corinna Hawkes, C Linn Gould
1World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. yachd@who.int
JAMA
|June 3, 2004
Resumen
Las enfermedades crónicas causan millones de muertes en todo el mundo. Un enfoque de políticas coordinadas, mejores evidencias y cambios en el sistema de salud son cruciales para combatir esta creciente crisis de salud mundial.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Política de salud Política de salud
Sus antecedentes:
- Las enfermedades crónicas son la principal causa de mortalidad mundial, responsable de 29 millones de muertes en el año 2002.
- La respuesta mundial a las enfermedades crónicas sigue siendo insuficiente a pesar de su significativo impacto epidemiológico y económico.
- El apoyo financiero inadecuado y los conceptos erróneos sobre las enfermedades crónicas obstaculizan la prevención y el tratamiento, especialmente en los países en desarrollo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar los principales obstáculos para abordar la carga global de las enfermedades crónicas.
- Proponer palancas políticas para elevar las enfermedades crónicas en la agenda mundial de salud.
- Abogar por estrategias basadas en la evidencia y reformas del sistema de salud para el control de enfermedades crónicas.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de la carga global de enfermedades crónicas y respuesta.
- Identificación de los obstáculos relacionados con las políticas y las funciones de las partes interesadas.
- Propuesta de intervenciones de políticas estratégicas.
Principales resultados:
- La falta de evidencia, los conceptos erróneos y la orientación del sistema de salud hacia la atención aguda impiden el progreso.
- Las limitaciones financieras en los países en desarrollo limitan la capacidad de prevención, tratamiento e investigación.
- Se identifican tres palancas políticas: elevar la agenda, proporcionar mejores evidencias y promover el cambio del sistema de salud.
Conclusiones:
- Un enfoque político concertado, estratégico y multisectorial es esencial para revertir las tendencias negativas en la incidencia mundial de enfermedades crónicas.
- Mejorar el acceso a la evidencia actualizada es fundamental para los tomadores de decisiones.
- Los sistemas de salud deben adaptarse para abordar eficazmente el creciente desafío de las enfermedades crónicas.
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