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La tuberculosis y la infección por VIH en el África subsahariana
K M De Cock1, B Soro, I M Coulibaly
1Projet RETRO-CI, Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
JAMA
|September 23, 1992
Resumen
El virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) tiene un profundo impacto en la tuberculosis en el África subsahariana, aumentando la mortalidad. Abordar este problema de salud descuidado requiere una asignación significativa de recursos para el diagnóstico y la atención.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Enfermedades infecciosas Enfermedades infecciosas.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- El África subsahariana se enfrenta a una carga doble significativa del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y la tuberculosis (TB).
- La interacción entre el VIH y la tuberculosis presenta desafíos clínicos y patológicos únicos en la región.
- Comprender las implicaciones para la salud pública es crucial para las estrategias de intervención efectivas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y patológicas de la tuberculosis asociada al VIH en el África subsahariana.
- Examinar las implicaciones para la salud pública de esta co-epidemia.
- Para sintetizar los conocimientos actuales sobre el VIH-TB en la región.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática de la literatura médica publicada (inglés y francés) y de las actas de las conferencias.
- Selección de los artículos más relevantes para la infección por VIH y la tuberculosis en África y en todo el mundo.
- Reporte directo de datos cuantitativos (por ejemplo, seroprevalencia del VIH) y hallazgos cualitativos de la literatura seleccionada.
Principales resultados:
- Se han reportado altas tasas de infección por VIH (20-67%) en pacientes con tuberculosis en África subsahariana.
- Aumento simultáneo de los casos de tuberculosis con la aparición del SIDA en varios países africanos.
- La tuberculosis fue identificada como la infección oportunista más frecuente en pacientes con SIDA en Abidjan, Costa de Marfil, con una mortalidad significativamente mayor en individuos VIH positivos.
Conclusiones:
- La epidemia de VIH ha alterado profundamente la epidemiología de la tuberculosis en el África subsahariana.
- La tuberculosis asociada al VIH representa un problema de salud global descuidado que requiere una inversión sustancial de recursos.
- Los recursos humanos y materiales mejorados son esenciales para la gestión de esta co-epidemia.
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