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El secuestro de carbono del suelo impacta en el cambio climático global y la seguridad alimentaria
1Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210, USA. lal.1@osu.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 12, 2004
Resumen
Los suelos pueden secuestrar cantidades significativas de carbono, compensando potencialmente entre el 5 y el 15% de las emisiones mundiales de combustibles fósiles. La implementación de estrategias de secuestro de carbono orgánico en el suelo mejora el rendimiento de los cultivos y la seguridad alimentaria.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias Agrícolas Ciencias Agrícolas
- Ciencias del medio ambiente Ciencias del medio ambiente.
- Ciencias del suelo Ciencias del suelo.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los suelos han perdido 42-78 gigatoneladas de carbono históricamente.
- Los suelos agrícolas y degradados poseen una capacidad de absorción de carbono del 50-66% de esta pérdida histórica.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para delinear estrategias para aumentar el carbono orgánico del suelo.
- Evaluar el impacto del secuestro de carbono del suelo en el rendimiento de los cultivos y las emisiones de combustibles fósiles.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de varias técnicas de manejo y restauración del suelo.
- Análisis de la relación entre el carbono orgánico del suelo y la productividad de los cultivos.
- Estimación del potencial del secuestro de carbono del suelo para compensar las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero.
Principales resultados:
- Las tasas de secuestro de carbono orgánico en el suelo están influenciadas por factores como las propiedades del suelo, el clima y las prácticas de gestión.
- Aumentar el carbono del suelo en 1 tonelada por hectárea puede aumentar el rendimiento de los cultivos de trigo, maíz y guisantes.
- El secuestro de carbono tiene el potencial de compensar el 5-15% de las emisiones anuales mundiales de combustibles fósiles.
Conclusiones:
- La implementación de diversas estrategias de manejo del suelo puede aumentar significativamente las reservas de carbono orgánico del suelo.
- La mejor captura de carbono del suelo contribuye a la seguridad alimentaria y ofrece una vía viable para mitigar el cambio climático mediante la compensación de las emisiones de combustibles fósiles.
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