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Rompiendo el suelo: la humanidad, la historia y el suelo
J R McNeill1, Verena Winiwarter
1Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Intercultural Center 600, Box 571035, Georgetown University, 3700 O Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20057-1035, USA. mcneillj@georgetown.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 12, 2004
Resumen
Las comunidades humanas han dependido durante mucho tiempo del suelo para obtener alimentos y nutrientes, y las primeras civilizaciones lo reverenciaban. Las acciones humanas modernas, sin embargo, han acelerado la erosión del suelo y alterado los ciclos de nutrientes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias Agrícolas Ciencias Agrícolas
- Ciencias Ambientales Ciencias del Medio Ambiente.
- Ciencias del suelo Ciencias del suelo.
Sus antecedentes:
- El suelo ha sido fundamental para la civilización humana a lo largo de la historia, proporcionando alimentos y nutrientes esenciales.
- Los primeros registros escritos a menudo se centraban en las prácticas agrícolas, destacando la importancia de la gestión del suelo.
- Las culturas antiguas frecuentemente reverenciaban el suelo como la fuente de la vida, subrayando su papel vital.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar la relación histórica entre las comunidades humanas y el suelo.
- Comprender la evolución de la importancia del suelo desde la antigüedad hasta el presente.
- Para resaltar el impacto de las actividades humanas recientes en la salud del suelo y los ciclos de nutrientes.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis histórico de textos agrícolas y prácticas culturales.
- Revisión de los datos ambientales relacionados con la erosión del suelo y el flujo de nutrientes.
- Estudio comparativo de las interacciones hombre-suelo a través de diferentes períodos históricos.
Principales resultados:
- El suelo proporcionó la base para el sustento humano temprano y el desarrollo agrícola.
- Las actividades humanas en los últimos dos siglos han aumentado significativamente las tasas de erosión del suelo.
- Las acciones humanas intencionales y no intencionales han alterado drásticamente los flujos naturales de nutrientes en los suelos.
Conclusiones:
- La relación entre los seres humanos y el suelo ha cambiado de reverencia y dependencia a una de impacto ambiental significativo.
- Comprender las interacciones históricas entre el hombre y el suelo es crucial para abordar la degradación contemporánea del suelo.
- Se necesita atención urgente para mitigar los impactos humanos negativos en los recursos del suelo para la sostenibilidad futura.
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