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Compensación de la ingesta de energía de la comida rápida entre adolescentes con sobrepeso y magros
Cara B Ebbeling1, Kelly B Sinclair, Mark A Pereira
1Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass 02115, USA.
JAMA
|June 17, 2004
Resumen
Los adolescentes con sobrepeso consumen más comida rápida y tienen menos probabilidades de compensar su alta ingesta de energía en comparación con los adolescentes delgados. Este consumo excesivo contribuye al aumento de peso en individuos susceptibles.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Nutrición pediátrica para niños.
- Investigación de la obesidad.
- Ciencias del comportamiento Ciencias del comportamiento.
Sus antecedentes:
- El aumento del consumo de comida rápida se correlaciona con la epidemia de obesidad infantil.
- El consumo de comida rápida puede promover un equilibrio energético positivo, lo que lleva al aumento de peso.
- Las razones por las que algunos niños permanecen delgados a pesar del consumo frecuente de comida rápida no están claras.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si los adolescentes con sobrepeso son más susceptibles a los efectos adversos del consumo de comida rápida que los adolescentes delgados.
- Para probar la hipótesis de que el estado del peso corporal influye en la ingesta de energía de las comidas de comida rápida.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio 1: Los adolescentes consumieron una comida de comida rápida "extra grande" en un entorno de patio de comidas.
- Estudio 2: La ingesta de energía se evaluó en condiciones de vida libre durante 4 días (2 con comida rápida, 2 sin).
- Los participantes incluyeron adolescentes con sobrepeso (n=26) y magros (n=28) de entre 13 y 17 años; el sobrepeso se definió por un IMC superior al percentil 85.
Principales resultados:
- En el Estudio 1, los adolescentes con sobrepeso consumieron significativamente más energía de la comida de comida rápida que los adolescentes delgados (1860 vs. 1458 kcal).
- En el Estudio 2, los adolescentes con sobrepeso consumieron significativamente más energía total en los días de comida rápida (+409 kcal / d) en comparación con los días sin comida rápida.
- Los adolescentes magros no mostraron una diferencia significativa en la ingesta de energía entre los días de comida rápida y los días sin comida rápida.
Conclusiones:
- Los adolescentes, especialmente los con sobrepeso, tienden a consumir en exceso comida rápida.
- Los adolescentes con sobrepeso son menos capaces de compensar la alta ingesta de energía de la comida rápida ajustando el consumo posterior de alimentos.
- Estos hallazgos sugieren que los adolescentes con sobrepeso son más vulnerables a los efectos promotores de peso de la comida rápida.
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