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El analizador de polvo cometario e interestelar en el cometa 81P/Wild 2
J Kissel1, F R Krueger, J Silén
1Max-Planck-Institut fur Aeronomie, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, D-37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 19, 2004
Resumen
El análisis de polvo cometario e interestelar revela materia orgánica, incluidos los derivados de quinona, en ambos. El polvo cometario pierde hidrógeno y oxígeno, volviéndose rico en nitrógeno, mientras que el polvo interestelar retiene estos elementos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Cosmoquímica es la cosmoquímica.
- Astrobiología Astrobiología.
- Ciencias planetarias Ciencias planetarias.
Sus antecedentes:
- La misión Stardust analizó el polvo cometario e interestelar utilizando el analizador de polvo cometario e interestelar (CIDA).
- Estudios anteriores sugirieron que las moléculas orgánicas podrían estar presentes en el polvo extraterrestre.
- Comprender la composición del polvo es clave para comprender los orígenes de la vida y la formación planetaria.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar la composición orgánica de las partículas de polvo interestelar y cometario.
- Para comparar la composición molecular del polvo de diferentes orígenes.
- Para investigar la evolución química de la materia orgánica desde el espacio interestelar hasta los cometas.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó el instrumento Cometary and Interstellar Dust Analyzer (CIDA), un espectrómetro de masa de tiempo de vuelo.
- Se analizaron espectros de iones de 45 presuntas partículas de polvo interestelar y 29 partículas del cometa 81P/Wild 2.
- Constituyentes orgánicos identificados y su composición elemental.
Principales resultados:
- Derivados de quinona identificados en el componente orgánico de las partículas de polvo interestelar.
- Confirmó la prevalencia de materia orgánica en el polvo cometario.
- Se observó un agotamiento del hidrógeno y el oxígeno en el polvo cometario en comparación con el polvo interestelar, con estos elementos probablemente presentes como fases gaseosas (agua, monóxido de carbono).
- Se descubrió que el polvo cometario es rico en especies que contienen nitrógeno.
- No se detectaron aminoácidos, pero se identificaron iones de azufre en un espectro de polvo cometario.
Conclusiones:
- El polvo cometario e interestelar comparten componentes orgánicos, pero se someten a un importante procesamiento químico.
- La transición de entornos interestelares a entornos cometarios lleva a la pérdida de hidrógeno y oxígeno de la materia orgánica.
- Las especies de nitrógeno y azufre parecen ser significativas en la química orgánica cometaria.
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