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Fortalecer la prevención y el cuidado de las lesiones en todo el mundo
Charles Mock1, Robert Quansah, Rajam Krishnan
1Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. cmock@u.washington.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|June 29, 2004
Resumen
La prevención y el tratamiento de las lesiones requieren el fortalecimiento de los esfuerzos globales de salud. Esto implica la investigación, las intervenciones dirigidas y la mejora de los servicios esenciales de salud, especialmente en los países en desarrollo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Prevención y control de lesiones.
- Seguridad de la Salud Global Seguridad de la Salud Global
Sus antecedentes:
- La carga global de lesiones es sustancial, pero con frecuencia se subestima en las iniciativas de mejora de la salud.
- Los esfuerzos existentes de prevención y tratamiento de lesiones en todo el mundo requieren un fortalecimiento significativo.
- Las poblaciones vulnerables, especialmente en los países de bajos ingresos, se enfrentan a tasas de lesiones desproporcionadamente altas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar y proponer medidas para mejorar las estrategias globales de prevención y tratamiento de lesiones.
- Hacer hincapié en la necesidad de análisis de factores de riesgo con base científica y programas de intervención eficaces.
- Para resaltar la importancia de abordar el control de lesiones dentro de contextos sociales y de derechos humanos más amplios.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de las medidas existentes de prevención y tratamiento de lesiones.
- Identificación de las áreas clave para la intervención, incluyendo la modificación ambiental, la ingeniería y la promoción del comportamiento.
- El énfasis en el fortalecimiento de las capacidades nacionales para la investigación, la implementación y la evaluación del control de lesiones.
Principales resultados:
- Necesidad de investigación de factores de riesgo de lesiones con fundamento científico traducida en programas de prevención evaluados.
- Las intervenciones potenciales incluyen cambios ambientales, ingeniería de seguridad de productos y promoción del comportamiento a través del marketing social, la legislación y la aplicación de la ley.
- El tratamiento requiere definir servicios de alto rendimiento e integrarlos como servicios de salud esenciales.
Conclusiones:
- El fortalecimiento de las instituciones nacionales para la investigación de control de lesiones, el diseño, la implementación y la evaluación de contramedidas es crucial.
- Se necesita un mayor enfoque en los países menos desarrollados donde las tasas de lesiones son más altas y las actividades de control son limitadas.
- Los esfuerzos de control de lesiones deben tener en cuenta los derechos humanos y la equidad social, apuntando a las poblaciones vulnerables.
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