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La asociación de la fibrilación auricular y la apnea obstructiva del sueño

Apoor S Gami¹, Gregg Pressman, Sean M Caples

¹Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St SW, Rochester, Minn 55905, USA. somers.virend@mayo.edu

|July 14, 2004

Resumen

La apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) es significativamente más común en pacientes con fibrilación auricular (FA). Este estudio encontró un fuerte vínculo entre la AOS y la FA, destacando su importancia clínica.

Área de la Ciencia:

Cardiología Cardiología.
Medicina del sueño Medicina del sueño.

Sus antecedentes:

La apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) está relacionada con la fibrilación auricular recurrente (FA) después de la electrocardioversión.
La prevalencia de la AOS en pacientes con AF era previamente desconocida, a pesar de su carácter común en hombres, personas obesas e hipertensas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para determinar la prevalencia de AOS en pacientes con FA en comparación con una población general de cardiología.
Para investigar la asociación entre AF y OSA.

Principales métodos:

Estudio prospectivo de 151 pacientes con AF sometidos a electrocardioversión y 312 controles.
OSA diagnosticado utilizando el cuestionario de Berlín validado; precisión evaluada con la polisomnografía.
El análisis estadístico incluyó pruebas t, Wilcoxon, pruebas chi-cuadrado y regresión logística.

Principales resultados:

El cuestionario de Berlín demostró una alta precisión (0,86 sensibilidad, 0,89 especificidad, 0,97 PPV).
La prevalencia de AOS fue significativamente mayor en el grupo de AF (49%) frente al grupo de cardiología general (32%, P=0.0004).
El odds ratio ajustado para la asociación de AF y OSA fue de 2,19 (P = 0,0006).

Conclusiones:

Existe una fuerte asociación entre OSA y AF.
La AOS es notablemente más frecuente en pacientes con AF que en otros grupos de alto riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular.
Los hallazgos subrayan la importancia clínica de la AOS en el manejo de la FA, especialmente dado el aumento de la obesidad y las tasas de FA.

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