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El sumidero oceánico para el CO2 antropogénico

Christopher L Sabine¹, Richard A Feely, Nicolas Gruber

¹National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA. chris.sabine@noaa.gov

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|July 17, 2004

Resumen

El océano absorbió el 48% de las emisiones de dióxido de carbono (CO2) causadas por el hombre entre 1800 y 1994. Esta investigación cuantifica el sumidero de CO2 oceánico y su papel en la mitigación de los niveles de CO2 atmosférico.

Área de la Ciencia:

Oceanografía La oceanografía es la oceanografía.
Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima
Biogeoquímica La biogeoquímica es la bioquímica.

Sus antecedentes:

El aumento de las concentraciones de dióxido de carbono (CO2) en la atmósfera es uno de los principales impulsores del cambio climático.
Comprender el ciclo global del carbono, incluidos los sumideros oceánicos y terrestres, es crucial para el modelado climático.
Las estimaciones anteriores de la absorción de CO2 oceánico han variado, lo que requiere mediciones refinadas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para cuantificar el hundimiento antropogénico de dióxido de carbono (CO2) oceánico global desde 1800 hasta 1994.
Determinar la proporción de emisiones de combustibles fósiles y fabricación de cemento secuestradas por el océano.
Para inferir el flujo neto de CO2 de la biosfera terrestre durante el mismo período.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó mediciones de carbono inorgánico de una encuesta mundial de océanos realizada en la década de 1990.
Se empleó una técnica de separación basada en trazadores para distinguir el CO2 antropogénico del carbono oceánico natural.
Calcula la absorción acumulada de CO2 oceánico durante el período histórico especificado.

Principales resultados:

Se estima un sumidero de CO2 antropogénico oceánico global de 118 +/- 19 petagramos de carbono para 1800-1994.
Se determinó que el sumidero oceánico absorbió aproximadamente el 48% de las emisiones totales de CO2 antropogénico.
Inferido que la biosfera terrestre actuó como una fuente neta de CO2, liberando 39 +/- 28 petagramas de carbono a la atmósfera.
Indicó que el océano está almacenando actualmente alrededor de un tercio de su capacidad potencial de CO2 antropogénico a largo plazo.

Conclusiones:

El océano juega un papel importante en la mitigación de las emisiones antropogénicas de CO2, absorbiendo casi la mitad de las emisiones desde 1800-1994.
La biosfera terrestre ha sido una fuente neta de CO2 atmosférico durante este período, contrariamente a algunas suposiciones.
La capacidad del océano para absorber CO2 antropogénico es sustancial, pero la absorción actual representa solo una fracción de su potencial total.

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