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Cambios en la estructura de la comunidad de aguas profundas vinculados al clima y el suministro de alimentos
Henry A Ruhl1, Kenneth L Smith
1Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202, USA. hruhl@ucsd.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 27, 2004
Resumen
La megafauna de aguas profundas en el noreste del Pacífico experimentó cambios significativos en la comunidad relacionados con el evento climático de El Niño / La Niña (1997-1999). La abundancia de especies cambió dramáticamente, lo que muestra el clima climático.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología de las profundidades marinas.
- Biología marina Biología marina.
- Los impactos del cambio climático impactos del cambio climático.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las comunidades de megafauna epibéntrica habitan en las profundidades del océano.
- El noreste del Pacífico es un área clave para el estudio de los ecosistemas marinos.
- Los eventos de El Niño/La Niña son fluctuaciones climáticas importantes que afectan los patrones climáticos globales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar los cambios en la estructura de la comunidad de megafauna epibéntrica.
- Para correlacionar los cambios de la fauna con las fluctuaciones climáticas, específicamente los eventos de El Niño / La Niña.
- Evaluar el impacto de la variabilidad climática en la biodiversidad de aguas profundas.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron estimaciones de abundancia fotográfica de la megafauna epibéntrica.
- La recopilación de datos se extendió de 1989 a 2002 a una profundidad de 4100 metros.
- El análisis estadístico correlacionó los cambios de la fauna con los datos climáticos.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó un cambio importante en la estructura de la comunidad en la megafauna epibéntrica.
- Dos taxones disminuyeron en 2-3 órdenes de magnitud después de 1998.
- Varias otras especies aumentaron en 1-2 órdenes de magnitud, en correlación con El Niño/La Niña.
Conclusiones:
- La megafauna de aguas profundas es sensible a las fluctuaciones climáticas contemporáneas.
- Los cambios observados en la fauna resaltan la influencia de los eventos de El Niño/La Niña.
- Una perspectiva temporal a largo plazo es crucial para comprender la biodiversidad de aguas profundas y sus impactos.
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