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Biomecánica: función hidrodinámica de la cola del tiburón

C D Wilga¹, G V Lauder

¹Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA. cwilga@uri.edu

|August 20, 2004

Resumen

Las colas de tiburón crean un anillo de doble vórtice único, a diferencia de los peces óseos. Esta estructura hidrodinámica puede mejorar la maniobrabilidad vertical de los tiburones.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ictiología Ictiología.
La dinámica de fluidos es la dinámica de fluidos.
La biomecánica es la biomecánica.

Sus antecedentes:

La mayoría de los tiburones poseen una cola asimétrica (aleta caudal) con un lóbulo superior alargado.
Esto contrasta con las colas externamente simétricas típicas de los peces óseos.
La función hidrodinámica de esta morfología única de la cola de tiburón sigue siendo poco comprendida.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar el propósito hidrodinámico de la cola asimétrica de tiburón.
Para cuantificar los patrones de flujo de agua en las estelas de los tiburones pez perro que nadan libremente.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó técnicas de visualización de flujo para analizar la dinámica de vigilia de los tiburones pez perro durante la natación libre.
Estructuras de vórtice cuantificadas y patrones de flujo de agua generados por la aleta caudal del tiburón.

Principales resultados:

Los tiburones pez perro generan una compleja estructura de vórtice de anillo dentro de un anillo en su estela.
Este sistema de vórtices de anillos ramificados difiere significativamente de los anillos de vórtices individuales arrojados por colas de peces simétricas.
La estructura de vórtice está formada por el ángulo inclinado del borde de arrastre de la cola y su movimiento en relación con el eje del cuerpo.

Conclusiones:

La cola asimétrica del tiburón genera activamente un vórtice de anillo ramificado.
Esta característica hidrodinámica dirige el flujo de agua hacia atrás y hacia abajo.
Este mecanismo potencialmente mejora la maniobrabilidad vertical de los tiburones.

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