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La base neuronal del castigo altruista es el castigo
Dominique J-F de Quervain1, Urs Fischbacher, Valerie Treyer
1Division of Psychiatry Research, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8029 Zurich, Switzerland. quervain@bli.unizh.ch
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 31, 2004
Resumen
La gente obtiene satisfacción al castigar a los infractores de las normas, un factor clave en la cooperación humana. Los escáneres cerebrales muestran que el estriado dorsal se activa durante el castigo efectivo, lo que indica la anticipación de la recompensa.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Psicología evolutiva Psicología evolutiva.
- La economía del comportamiento es la economía del comportamiento.
Sus antecedentes:
- El castigo altruista, incurriendo en costos personales para penalizar las violaciones de las normas, es crucial para la cooperación humana.
- Comprender los mecanismos neuronales subyacentes al castigo altruista es esencial para explicar su papel evolutivo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las bases neuronales del castigo altruista en los intercambios económicos.
- Para diferenciar la actividad cerebral asociada con el castigo efectivo frente al castigo simbólico.
Principales métodos:
- H2 15O tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET) se utilizó para escanear los cerebros de los sujetos.
- Los sujetos que participan en una tarea de intercambio económico que implica el castigo de los infractores de confianza.
- El castigo se administró ya sea simbólicamente (sin reducción de la recompensa) o efectivamente (reducción de la recompensa).
Principales resultados:
- El castigo efectivo, en comparación con el castigo simbólico, activaba significativamente el estriado dorsal.
- La activación del estriado dorsal está vinculada al procesamiento de las recompensas de las acciones dirigidas a objetivos.
- Una mayor activación del estriado dorsal se correlacionó con una mayor disposición a incurrir en costos por castigo.
Conclusiones:
- Los hallazgos apoyan la hipótesis de que castigar las violaciones de la norma es intrínsecamente satisfactorio.
- La activación en el estriado dorsal probablemente refleja la satisfacción anticipada derivada de castigar a los desertores.
- Este mecanismo de recompensa neuronal puede sustentar la evolución de la cooperación a través del castigo altruista.
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