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La biodegradación anaeróbica de hidrocarburos en las reservas de petróleo subterráneo profundo

Carolyn M Aitken¹, D M Jones, S R Larter

¹School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.

|September 17, 2004

Resumen

La degradación anaeróbica de hidrocarburos es un proceso común en los depósitos profundos de petróleo, lo que desafía las suposiciones anteriores sobre la necesidad de oxígeno para la biodegradación del petróleo. Este estudio encontró evidencia a través de diversas muestras mundiales de petróleo.

Área de la Ciencia:

La geoquímica es la geoquímica.
Microbiología Microbiología.
Ciencias del petróleo Ciencias del petróleo.

Sus antecedentes:

La biodegradación del petróleo en las reservas subterráneas es un proceso económicamente significativo.
Anteriormente, la degradación aeróbica que requiere oxígeno y nutrientes se consideraba el mecanismo principal.
El papel de la degradación anaeróbica en los depósitos profundos ha sido objeto de debate debido a la falta de evidencia directa.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la prevalencia de la degradación anaeróbica de hidrocarburos en las reservas subterráneas de petróleo.
Proporcionar evidencia que apoye o refuta la importancia de la biodegradación anaeróbica en las reservas profundas de petróleo.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de 77 muestras de petróleo crudo biodegradado de diversas fuentes marinas y lacustres en todo el mundo.
Aislamiento e identificación de metabolitos indicativos de la degradación de hidrocarburos anaerobios.

Principales resultados:

Se identificaron metabolitos que sugieren la degradación de hidrocarburos anaerobios en una parte significativa de las muestras de aceite analizadas.
Se encontraron evidencias en aceites de diversos entornos geológicos, incluidas las arenas bituminosas canadienses.

Conclusiones:

La degradación anaeróbica de hidrocarburos es un proceso muy extendido en los depósitos de petróleo subterráneos biodegradados.
Este hallazgo tiene importantes implicaciones para la comprensión de la alteración del petróleo y la calidad de las reservas.

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