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Vivir con el pasado: evolución, desarrollo y patrones de enfermedad
Peter D Gluckman1, Mark A Hanson
1Liggins Institute, University of Auckland and National Research Centre for Growth and Development, 2-6 Park Avenue, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. pd.gluckman@auckland.ac.nz
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 18, 2004
Resumen
Las exposiciones ambientales tempranas de la vida, no solo la genética o el estilo de vida adulto, pueden moldear el riesgo de enfermedad crónica en adultos. Este concepto de "orígenes del desarrollo de la salud y la enfermedad" tiene implicaciones significativas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- Fisiología Fisiología Fisiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las observaciones epidemiológicas sugieren que los factores ambientales de la vida temprana influyen en el riesgo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ENT) en adultos.
- Se sabe que los factores genéticos y de estilo de vida de los adultos contribuyen a las ENT.
- La evidencia emergente apunta a influencias ambientales durante períodos críticos de desarrollo temprano.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para explorar la hipótesis de que las exposiciones ambientales tempranas de la vida impactan el riesgo de enfermedad en adultos.
- Integrar los hallazgos de la biología evolutiva, la biología del desarrollo y la fisiología para apoyar este concepto.
- Destacar las posibles implicaciones biológicas, médicas y socioeconómicas de los orígenes del desarrollo de la salud y la enfermedad (DOHaD).
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de las observaciones epidemiológicas.
- Síntesis de la investigación desde la biología evolutiva.
- Integración de los hallazgos de la biología del desarrollo y la fisiología animal/humana.
Principales resultados:
- Apoyo a la hipótesis de que el entorno de la vida temprana influye en la susceptibilidad a las enfermedades adultas.
- Identificación de las fases periconceptual, fetal y infantil como ventanas críticas para la influencia ambiental.
- El concepto de los orígenes del desarrollo de la salud y la enfermedad (DOHaD) está respaldado por múltiples disciplinas científicas.
Conclusiones:
- Las exposiciones ambientales tempranas de la vida son determinantes críticos de la salud adulta.
- El concepto del DOHaD ofrece un nuevo marco para comprender y prevenir las enfermedades crónicas.
- Comprender estas primeras influencias tiene profundas implicaciones para la salud pública y la medicina.
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