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Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the streamlines...
Viscosity01:17

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When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
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Irrotational Flow01:28

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Plane Potential Flows01:23

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Turbulent Flow01:24

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Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent spots,...
Rapidly Varying Flow01:24

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Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability
06:42

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Published on: March 3, 2017

Una analogía del vórtice de Taylor en los flujos granulares.

Stephen L Conway1, Troy Shinbrot, Benjamin J Glasser

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.

Nature
|September 24, 2004
PubMed
Resumen

Los materiales granulares, como los fluidos, forman vórtices bajo el corte. A diferencia de los vórtices de fluidos, estas estructuras granulares impulsan la mezcla y segregación, ofreciendo nuevos conocimientos sobre la dinámica de las partículas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Física de los materiales granulares Física de los materiales granulares Física de los materiales granulares
  • Dinámica de fluidos La dinámica de fluidos.
  • Mecánica estadística de no equilibrio mecánica estadística de no equilibrio.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los flujos de fluidos cortados entre cilindros giratorios exhiben inestabilidades, cruciales para comprender las transiciones de fluidos al caos.
  • Predecir la dinámica de los materiales granulares bajo corte es un desafío debido a las complejas respuestas de tipo sólido y los patrones emergentes.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar la dinámica de inestabilidad de los materiales granulares bajo cizallamiento, trazando paralelos con las inestabilidades de Taylor de fluidos.
  • Explorar el comportamiento único de los vórtices y las transiciones mezcla-segregación en sistemas granulares fluidizados.

Principales métodos:

  • Estudio experimental utilizando fluidización de gas para evitar atascos en materiales granulares.
  • Observación de la formación de vórtices y la dinámica en un lecho granular fluidizado y cortado.

Principales resultados:

  • Los materiales granulares bajo corte exhiben vórtices análogos a la inestabilidad primaria de Taylor observada en los fluidos.
  • Los vórtices granulares se acompañan de nuevas transiciones de mezcla-segregación, a diferencia de las de los flujos de fluidos simples.
  • Los vórtices parecen mitigar la tensión al generar nuevos vórtices, alterando las escalas de interacción cinética.

Conclusiones:

  • Los materiales granulares muestran fenómenos únicos impulsados por vórtices distintos de las inestabilidades de los fluidos.
  • Estos hallazgos ofrecen información sobre los mecanismos de transmisión de cizallamiento en sistemas granulares y sus capacidades de mezcla convectiva.
  • Comprender estas dinámicas es fundamental para el análisis de eventos geofísicos y el rendimiento de la tecnología de partículas.