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El almacenamiento de carbono del ecosistema en la tundra ártica se reduce por la fertilización de nutrientes a largo
Michelle C Mack1, Edward A G Schuur, M Syndonia Bret-Harte
1Department of Botany, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. mcmack@ufl.edu
Nature
|September 24, 2004
Resumen
El calentamiento global tiene un impacto en los ecosistemas del norte. Un estudio de 20 años de fertilización de la tundra reveló que el aumento de los nutrientes llevó a una significativa pérdida de carbono en el suelo, amplificando el calentamiento climático.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología del Ártico ecología del Ártico.
- Ciencia del cambio climático ciencia del cambio climático.
- Ciencias del suelo Ciencias del suelo.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las regiones de altas latitudes están experimentando un calentamiento global amplificado.
- Los ecosistemas del norte almacenan una parte sustancial del carbono global del suelo.
- Comprender la respuesta del equilibrio de carbono del ecosistema al calentamiento es fundamental.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar los efectos a largo plazo del aumento de la disponibilidad de nutrientes en el balance de carbono de la tundra de Alaska.
- Evaluar el impacto de la liberación de nutrientes inducida por el calentamiento en el almacenamiento de carbono del ecosistema.
Principales métodos:
- Se llevó a cabo un experimento de fertilización de 20 años en la tundra de Alaska.
- Las mediciones incluyeron la producción vegetal, las tasas de descomposición y la dinámica carbono/nitrógeno del suelo.
- Se utilizó un modelo conceptual de la respuesta del ecosistema de la tundra al calentamiento.
Principales resultados:
- La producción anual de plantas en superficie se duplicó durante el experimento de 20 años.
- A pesar del aumento de la biomasa vegetal, se produjo una pérdida neta del ecosistema de casi 2.000 gramos de carbono por metro cuadrado.
- Las pérdidas sustanciales de carbono y nitrógeno de las capas profundas del suelo compensan las ganancias en biomasa vegetal y basura.
Conclusiones:
- El aumento de la disponibilidad de nutrientes en los ecosistemas de tundra puede conducir a una pérdida neta de carbono del ecosistema.
- La liberación de nutrientes del suelo inducida por el calentamiento puede amplificar la liberación de carbono de los suelos.
- Este ciclo de retroalimentación positiva puede acelerar aún más el calentamiento climático.
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