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Los predictores ambientales de la deforestación pre-europea en las islas del Pacífico
1Department of Anthropology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA. rolett@hawaii.edu
Nature
|September 24, 2004
Resumen
Factores ambientales como las lluvias y la elevación influyeron en la deforestación de las islas del Pacífico, impactando en el colapso social. Comprender estas variables ayuda a explicar por qué algunas islas sobrevivieron mientras que otras se enfrentaron a la ruina ecológica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La historia ambiental es la historia del medio ambiente.
- Ecología insular ecología insular.
- Arqueología Arqueología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las sociedades de las islas del Pacífico se enfrentaron al colapso debido a la deforestación, mientras que otras con cobertura forestal sobrevivieron.
- Los factores ambientales y las respuestas culturales probablemente explican estos resultados divergentes.
- Es crucial identificar las predisposiciones ambientales específicas a la deforestación frente al reemplazo forestal.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las variables ambientales que influyen en la deforestación y el reemplazo de bosques en las islas del Pacífico.
- Para determinar qué factores ambientales predisponen a las islas al colapso ecológico o a la resiliencia de los bosques.
Principales métodos:
- Condiciones codificadas de contacto europeo y nueve variables ambientales para 81 sitios en 69 islas del Pacífico.
- Analizó las relaciones estadísticas entre los factores ambientales y la deforestación/reemplazo forestal.
Principales resultados:
- La deforestación y / o el reemplazo de bosques disminuyó con mayores precipitaciones, elevación, área, ceniza volcánica, polvo asiático y terreno de makatea.
- La deforestación y / o el reemplazo de bosques aumentó con mayor latitud, edad de la isla y aislamiento.
- Se detectaron disminuciones estadísticas en la deforestación y / o el reemplazo de bosques con lluvia insular, elevación, área, lluvia de ceniza volcánica, transporte de polvo asiático y terreno makatea.
Conclusiones:
- Los factores ambientales predicen significativamente los patrones de deforestación y reemplazo de bosques en las islas del Pacífico.
- Estos hallazgos ofrecen información sobre las variadas trayectorias ecológicas de las sociedades insulares.
- El estudio proporciona un marco para interpretar los colapsos pasados asociados a la deforestación y la resiliencia a nivel mundial.
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