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La ingesta materna de calcio y la presión arterial de la descendencia
Matthew W Gillman1, Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman, Ken P Kleinman
1Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, Mass 02215, USA. matthew_gillman@hms.harvard.edu.
Circulation
|September 29, 2004
Resumen
La suplementación materna de calcio durante el embarazo puede reducir la presión arterial de la descendencia. Este hallazgo sugiere una estrategia potencial para prevenir la hipertensión futura en los niños a través de la nutrición prenatal.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Obstetricia y Ginecología.
- La pediatría es la medicina de los niños.
- Ciencias de la Nutrición Ciencias de la Nutrición
Sus antecedentes:
- Existen datos limitados sobre cómo la ingesta materna de calcio durante el embarazo influye en la presión arterial de la descendencia.
- Comprender este vínculo intergeneracional es crucial para la salud cardiovascular a largo plazo.
- El Proyecto Viva es un estudio de cohorte prospectivo en curso en los Estados Unidos que investiga los factores que afectan la salud infantil.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre la ingesta materna de calcio durante el embarazo y la presión arterial de la descendencia a los seis meses de edad.
- Para determinar si la ingesta de calcio dietético o calcio suplementario tiene un efecto diferencial en la presión arterial infantil.
- Para explorar los posibles modificadores de esta relación, como la ingesta materna de vitamina D y potasio.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de 4091 mediciones de presión arterial de 936 bebés en la cohorte del Proyecto Viva.
- La ingesta dietética y suplementaria de calcio de la madre evaluada a través de cuestionarios de frecuencia de alimentos durante el segundo trimestre.
- Modelos mixtos utilizados para estimar el efecto de la ingesta materna de calcio en la presión arterial sistólica infantil, con ajustes para varias covariables.
Principales resultados:
- La ingesta diaria promedio de calcio materna fue de 1494 mg (1230 mg de alimentos, 264 mg de suplementos).
- No se observó una tendencia significativa en la presión arterial sistólica infantil con el aumento de la ingesta dietética de calcio de los alimentos (P = 0,62).
- Una disminución significativa en la presión arterial sistólica infantil (-3,0 mm Hg por incremento de 500 mg) se asoció con la ingesta materna suplementaria de calcio (P = 0,006), después del ajuste completo.
Conclusiones:
- La ingesta materna suplementaria de calcio durante la gestación media puede estar asociada con una presión arterial más baja en la descendencia a los seis meses.
- Estos hallazgos sugieren que la suplementación de calcio podría ser una estrategia para ayudar a prevenir la hipertensión en la próxima generación.
- La ingesta de calcio en el primer trimestre no mostró una asociación con la presión arterial de la descendencia.
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