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Nuevo grupo arqueobacteriano mayor de plancton marino
J A Fuhrman1, K McCallum, A A Davis
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089-0371.
Nature
|March 12, 1992
Resumen
Las arqueas marinas (organismos profundamente diferentes de las bacterias) fueron descubiertas en las profundidades del Océano Pacífico. Este hallazgo amplía nuestra comprensión de la diversidad microbiana y la evolución de la vida temprana en los ecosistemas marinos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología marina microbiología marina.
- Biología molecular La biología molecular.
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las bacterias marinas son clave para los ecosistemas oceánicos, pero su diversidad se subestima debido a las limitaciones de cultivo.
- Los métodos actuales pierden ~99% de los organismos marinos, lo que dificulta las evaluaciones precisas de la diversidad.
- Los estudios de la superficie de los océanos que utilizan la secuenciación genética del ARNr 16S han identificado exclusivamente a las eubacterias, no a las arqueas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la diversidad microbiana en las profundidades del Océano Pacífico bacterioplancton.
- Para caracterizar arqueas previamente desconocidas en entornos marinos.
- Explorar la divergencia evolutiva de las nuevas arqueas marinas.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis directo de las secuencias de genes del ARN ribosomal 16S (ARNr) de la biomasa recolectada.
- Muestreo de bacterioplancton a profundidades de 100 m y 500 m en el Océano Pacífico.
- Análisis comparativo de secuencias para determinar relaciones filogenéticas.
Principales resultados:
- Descubrimiento de secuencias de ARNr 16S distantemente relacionadas con organismos conocidos.
- Las secuencias identificadas mostraron una distancia evolutiva comparable a la existente entre animales y plantas.
- Ningún organismo caracterizado previamente estaba estrechamente relacionado con las nuevas secuencias.
Conclusiones:
- Los hallazgos sugieren un grupo de arqueas no descrito previamente en las profundidades del océano.
- Este nuevo grupo de Archaea puede representar un linaje divergente temprano en la historia de la vida.
- El estudio pone de relieve la gran diversidad microbiana inexplorada en los entornos marinos.
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