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Suplementos antioxidantes para la prevención de cánceres gastrointestinales: una revisión sistemática y un

Goran Bjelakovic¹, Dimitrinka Nikolova, Rosa G Simonetti

¹The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, H:S Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. goranb@junis.ni.ac.yu

Lancet (London, England)

|October 7, 2004

Resumen

Los suplementos de antioxidantes no previenen los cánceres gastrointestinales y pueden aumentar la mortalidad general. Se necesita más investigación para explorar el selenio.

Área de la Ciencia:

Oncología Oncología.
Ciencias de la Nutrición Ciencias de la Nutrición
La medicina preventiva es la medicina preventiva de las enfermedades.

Sus antecedentes:

El estrés oxidativo es un conocido contribuyente al desarrollo del cáncer.
El papel de los suplementos antioxidantes en la prevención del cáncer requiere investigación.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para determinar si los suplementos antioxidantes reducen la incidencia de cánceres gastrointestinales.
Evaluar el impacto de los suplementos antioxidantes en la mortalidad general.

Principales métodos:

Revisión sistemática y metanálisis de ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) utilizando la metodología de la Colaboración Cochrane.
Búsqueda en bases de datos electrónicas y listas de referencia para ensayos relevantes hasta febrero de 2003.
Los resultados analizados incluyen la incidencia del cáncer, la mortalidad general y los efectos adversos utilizando modelos de efecto fijo y efectos aleatorios.

Principales resultados:

Se incluyeron 14 ECA (n=170.525); la calidad del ensayo fue generalmente alta.
Los suplementos de antioxidantes (betacaroteno, vitaminas A, C, E, selenio) no redujeron significativamente la incidencia de cáncer gastrointestinal.
Los ensayos de alta calidad indicaron que la suplementación con antioxidantes aumentó significativamente la mortalidad general, en particular las combinaciones de betacaroteno con vitaminas A o E.

Conclusiones:

La evidencia actual no apoya el uso de suplementos antioxidantes para prevenir los cánceres gastrointestinales.
Los suplementos de antioxidantes parecen aumentar la mortalidad general.
El potencial papel preventivo del selenio justifica una mayor investigación en ECA bien diseñados.

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